To understand the difference between the ballistics of various rounds you should pick up a copy of a reloading manual such as the Speer Rifle and Pistol Reloading Manual.
A Cartridge consists of four components- the projectile (bullet), the brass case,primer and powder load.
There are approximately 20 +/- cartridges (case,primer,projectile,powder) that all use the .308 diameter projectile (bullet) ranging from the 30 M1 Carbine through the 30-30 Levergun cartridge up to the venerable 30-06 and the 300 Weatherby Magnum.
Because it is chambered in a gas operated autoloading rifle, the 30 M1 Carbine cartridge is limited to the use of two projectile weights-100 grains and 110 grains-and a choice of four "flavors" one of which is a semi-jacketed hollow point which MIGHT be an adequate deer round at close range.
Until Hornaday recently developed a soft pointed tip (the Leverolution round) ALL 30-30 ammunition was BLUNT point because of the danger the tube magazine arrangement of the classic levergun would detonate cartridges whose primer rested on the pointed tip of another projectile (bullet).
So even though the weight of a 30-30 projectile can go to 170 grains ballistically the range and power are limited to about 100 yards, maybe 200 yards in the hands of a skilled marksman. (of course, everyone believes they are skilled marksman enough to take long shots!!??)
Before you give up on your levergun examine the Hornaday Leverolution round and see if it does not meet your needs for extended range and power.
Best regards,
The last time I was at a book liquidation store, they were selling “Cartridges of the World” for five dollars a copy. I bought every single copy they had. I took them to work and sold them to my fellow gun club members at cost.