Yes, he did. And he was not alone. Catholic bishops and priests did the same thing.
Bishop Clemens August von Galen, for instance, became known as the “Lion of Munster” for his sermons against the Nazis.
What’s interesting to me is that what Bonhoeffer was saying then is the same thing the Pope is saying today. Bonhoeffer spoke against the collective salvation that the nazified churches were preaching. The Pope recently called collective salvation “demonic”.