Peter spent time in Antioch of Syria...rightfully so as this was part of the old Assyrian Empire, and many descendants of the Israelites of the dispersion still resided in the area.
[1 Corinthians 1:12] Now this I say, that every one of you saith, I am of Paul; and I of Apollos; and I of Cephas; and I of Christ. There is no indication by this verse that Peter was ever in Corinth. Paul is only speaking of divisions with in the Church itself.
There is only tradition that says Peter died in Rome....and this would be suspect as he received divine instruction not to go there. [Matthew 10:5] These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not.
**[1 Corinthians 1:12] Now this I say, that every one of you saith, I am of Paul; and I of Apollos; and I of Cephas; and I of Christ. There is no indication by this verse that Peter was ever in Corinth. Paul is only speaking of divisions with in the Church itself.**
I believe that was a carnal 'bragging rights' matter that needed addressed by Paul. Maybe some had gone to Judea, and were baptized by Peter there.
**[Matthew 10:5] These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not.**
I would say that that was in compliance with the Lord's ministry to the 'lost sheep of Israel', prior to Calvary.
After the birth of the church, the Light unto Gentiles was available. Philip went down to the city of Samaria in Acts 8, preached the gospel, and baptized them in the name of the Lord Jesus. Peter and John were sent to them, prayed and laid hands on them, and they received the Holy Ghost.
Peter entered into a Gentile house, that of Cornelius.
But I feel you've presented a good case about Peter not dying in Rome.
Possibly, Jesus was telling them early on to stay away from the Gentiles, you know, to practice on attaining a base of converted Jews. But 1 Peter 5:13, using the term Babylon (which makes no sense if taken literally since it was in complete ruins) as reference to Rome (as it appears through the later New Testament) seems to indicate differently.
**[Matthew 10:5] These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not.**
Huh?
In the story of the Sameitan woman, Christ is talking with her. And then the apostles show up and are amazed that He is talking with a Samaritan woman.
Much like the Israelie and the Palestinians, so deep was the hatred between the Jews and the Samaritans. Another modern day example might be the Sunii and the Shiites in Iraq. Who knows, maybe some of these people ARE decendants??