Free Republic
Browse · Search
News/Activism
Topics · Post Article

To: alpowolf
Actually, I think this declaration by the Justice Department is more anti-second amendment than it is pro. While on its face it appears to support the right to keep and bear arms, in reality it seeks to maintain the status quo.

By requesting that the SCOTUS deny review of these cases, the government can maintain its grip on gun control by relying on existing case law, most of which is based on the "collective rights" theory. For a real eye opener, take a look at the 11th Circuit appeal in the case of Haney v. United States. If the SCOTUS were to rule in Haney's favor, the government would view this as having let the genie out of the proverbial bottle.

19 posted on 05/08/2002 10:02:59 AM PDT by Ranxerox
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 10 | View Replies ]


To: Ranxerox
Quite right, sir. I believe Freepers are once again being led astray by a deceptive headline.
20 posted on 05/08/2002 12:29:05 PM PDT by The KG9 Kid
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 19 | View Replies ]

To: Ranxerox
That's a good point. I'm sure that the DOJ would prefer to keep control.
28 posted on 05/08/2002 6:57:58 PM PDT by alpowolf
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 19 | View Replies ]

To: Ranxerox;KirkandBurke
http://www.kscourts.org/ca10/cases/2001/08/00-6129.htm

Ebel, David M.

Born June 3, 1940, in Wichita, KS

Federal Judicial Service:
U. S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
Nominated by Ronald Reagan on December 18, 1987, to a seat vacated by William Edward Doyle; Confirmed by the Senate on April 19, 1988, and received commission on April 20, 1988.

Education:
Northwestern University, B.A., 1962

University of Michigan Law School, J.D., 1965

Professional Career:
Law clerk, Justice Byron White, Supreme Court of the United States, 1965-1966
Private practice, Denver, Colorado, 1966-1988
Adjunct professor of law, University of Denver Law School, 1987-1989
Senior lecturing fellow, Duke University Law School, 1992-1994

Race or Ethnicity: White

Gender: Male
Anderson, Stephen Hale
Born January 12, 1932, in Salt Lake City, UT

Federal Judicial Service:
U. S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
Nominated by Ronald Reagan on July 23, 1985, to a new seat created by 98 Stat. 333; Confirmed by the Senate on October 16, 1985, and received commission on October 16, 1985. Assumed senior status on January 1, 2000.

Education:
University of Utah College of Law, LL.B., 1960

Professional Career:
U.S. Army 44th Infantry Division, 1953-1955
Trial attorney, Tax Division, U.S. Department of Justice, 1960-1964
Private practice, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1964-1985


Race or Ethnicity: White

Gender: Male
Murphy, Michael R.
Born August 6, 1947, in Denver, CO

Federal Judicial Service:
U. S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
Nominated by William J. Clinton on July 25, 1995, to a seat vacated by Monroe G. McKay; Confirmed by the Senate on August 11, 1995, and received commission on August 14, 1995.

Education:
Creighton University, B.A., 1969

University of Wyoming, J.D., 1972

Professional Career:
Law clerk, Hon. David T. Lewis, U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit, 1972-1973
Private practice, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1973-1986
Judge, Third District Court of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1986-1995
Presiding judge, 1990-1995


Race or Ethnicity: White

Gender: Male
===========================================

"...Our published Tenth Circuit opinions treat the Second Amendment similarly. In United States v. Oakes, 564 F.2d 384 (10th Cir. 1977), we rejected a Second Amendment challenge to the federal law criminalizing possession of an unregistered machinegun, 26 U.S.C. § 5861(d). We found no evidence that the firearm in question was connected with a militia, even though the defendant was nominally a member of the Kansas militia and the "Posse Comitatus," a militia-type organization registered with the state:

The purpose of the second amendment as stated by the Supreme Court in United States v. Miller was to preserve the effectiveness and assure the continuation of the state militia. The Court stated that the amendment must be interpreted and applied with that purpose in view. To apply the amendment so as to guarantee appellant's right to keep an unregistered firearm which has not been shown to have any connection to the militia, merely because he is technically a member of the Kansas militia, would be unjustifiable in terms of either logic or policy. This lack of justification is even more apparent when applied to appellant's membership in "Posse Comitatus," an apparently nongovernmental organization. We conclude, therefore, that this prosecution did not violate the second amendment."

....

Consistent with these cases, we hold that a federal criminal gun-control law does not violate the Second Amendment unless it impairs the state's ability to maintain a well-regulated militia. This is simply a straightforward reading of the text of the Second Amendment. This reading is also consistent with the overwhelming weight of authority from the other circuits. See, e.g., United States v. Napier, 233 F.3d 394, 402 (6th Cir. 2000) (holding that the Second Amendment right "is limited to keeping and bearing arms that have some reasonable relationship to the preservation or efficiency of a well regulated militia" (quotation marks omitted)); Gillespie v. City of Indianapolis, 185 F.3d 693, 711 (7th Cir. 1999) (rejecting a Second Amendment challenge to 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(9) because the plaintiff "does not argue (and we do not believe under any plausible set of facts that he could) that the viability and efficacy of state militias will be undermined by prohibiting those convicted of perpetrating domestic violence from possessing weapons in or affecting interstate commerce"), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 1116 (2000); United States v. Wright, 117 F.3d 1265, 1272-74 (11th Cir. 1997) (holding that a criminal defendant must demonstrate a reasonable relationship between possession of a machinegun and the preservation or efficiency of a militia actively trained and maintained by the state), amended on other grounds by 133 F.3d 1412 (11th Cir. 1998); United States v. Rybar, 103 F.3d 273, 286 (3d Cir. 1996) (same); United States v. Hale, 978 F.2d 1016, 1019-20 (8th Cir. 1992) (same).

Applying this standard, it is clear that § 922(o) is facially constitutional. Section 922(o)(2)(A) sets forth a specific exemption for possession of a machinegun "under the authority of" a state; therefore, that section cannot impair the state's ability to maintain a well-regulated militia. Accord Wright, 117 F.3d at 1274 n.19. Haney does not contend that his possession of the machineguns at issue in this case was under the authority of Oklahoma.

Nor has Haney proven several facts logically necessary to establish a Second Amendment violation. As a threshold matter, he must show that (1) he is part of a state militia; (2) the militia, and his participation therein, is "well regulated" by the state; (3) machineguns are used by that militia; and (4) his possession of the machinegun was reasonably connected to his militia service. None of these are established.

The militia of the Second Amendment is a governmental organization: The Constitution elsewhere refers to "the Militia of the several States," Art. II, § 2, and divides regulatory authority over the militia between the federal and state governments, Art. I, § 8. See also Perpich v. Dep't of Defense, 496 U.S. 334, 345-46 (1990) (describing the "dual enlistment" provisions of the militia statutes). Thus, the militia does not include the private anti-government groups that sometimes refer to themselves as "militias." Haney is not part of the "well regulated" militia, that is, a "militia actively maintained and trained by the states," Wright, 117 F.3d at 1272. At best, Haney claims to be a member of the "unorganized" (and therefore not a "well regulated" state) militia. See Okla. Stat. Ann. Tit. 44, § 41 (dividing the population of able-bodied persons between the ages of seventeen and seventy into the National Guard, the Oklahoma State Guard, and the "Unorganized Militia"). Haney does not claim to be a member of the National Guard or the Oklahoma State Guard, and he has submitted no evidence that the Oklahoma unorganized militia and his participation therein are well-regulated by the State of Oklahoma. Accord Wright, 117 F.3d at 1274 ("[T]he substantial segment of the population comprising the unorganized militia is not well regulated as that term was intended by the drafters of the Second Amendment."); see also Oakes, 564 F.2d at 387 (noting that technical membership in the state militia is insufficient to show a Second Amendment violation); Hale, 978 F.2d at 1020 (same). Nor has Haney submitted any evidence that machineguns of the sort he possessed are used by the militia, or that his possession was connected to any sort of militia service.

In sum, § 992(o) does not impair the state's ability to maintain a well-regulated militia and therefore does not violate the Second Amendment.
===============================================

According to these "judges", the Founding Fathers were apparently quite worried about the federal government infringing on the "right of the state governments to keep and bear arms."

This spurious contention might actually hold some water if the federal government hadn't basically gutted the Tenth Amendment decades ago:

======================================
"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." - Tenth Amendment

"The founding fathers of our country believed in a small federal government with limited powers. So, accordingly, they wrote a constitution that is short, sweet and to the point. In it, they enumerated the powers and the duties of each branch of the federal government. Then, in an attempt to ensure that the federal government would remain small and unobtrusive, they added the Bill of Rights. It's hard to read the news without seeing something mentioned about one of these rights. One that's never mentioned though, is the tenth amendment. Since the days of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the tenth amendment has been completely ignored. As a result, the federal government is now doing all kinds of things that the constitution does not authorize it to do..." - Donald A. Tevault, The Tenth Amendment; Forgotten, But Not Gone
======================================

Apparently, a large percentage of our black-robed rulers have this "understanding" that the "commoners" weren't born with a God-given Right to keep and bear arms. Of course, members of the legal "club" can carry anywhere for their own protection, but us serfs can't own guns except at their magnanimous forbearance.

They've got some freaking nerve.

30 posted on 05/08/2002 8:19:04 PM PDT by an amused spectator
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 19 | View Replies ]

Free Republic
Browse · Search
News/Activism
Topics · Post Article


FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson