Posted on 05/27/2008 1:35:26 PM PDT by Red Badger
On May 22, researchers at Osaka University presented the first demonstration of cold fusion since an unsuccessful attempt in 1989 that has clouded the field to this day.
To many people, cold fusion sounds too good to be true. The idea is that, by creating nuclear fusion at room temperature, researchers can generate a nearly unlimited source of power that uses water as fuel and produces almost zero waste. Essentially, cold fusion would make oil obsolete.
However, many experts debate whether money should be spent on cold fusion research or applied to more realistic alternative energy solutions. For decades, researchers around the world have been simply trying to show that cold fusion is indeed possible, but they´ve yet to take that important first step.
Now, esteemed Physics Professor Yoshiaki Arata of Osaka University in Japan claims to have made the first successful demonstration of cold fusion. Last Thursday, May 22, Arata and his colleague Yue-Chang Zhang of Shianghai Jiotong University presented the cold fusion demonstration to 60 onlookers, including other physicists, as well as reporters from six major newspapers and two TV studios. If Arata and Zhang´s demonstration is real, it could lead to a future of new, clean, and cheap energy generation.
In their experiment, the physicists forced deuterium gas into a cell containing a mixture of palladium and zirconium oxide, which absorbed the deuterium to produce a dense "pynco" deuterium. In this dense state, the deuterium nuclei from different atoms were so close together that they fused to produce helium nuclei.
Evidence for the occurrence of this fusion came from measuring the temperature inside the cell. When Arata first injected the deuterium gas, the temperature rose to about 70° C (158° F), which Arata explained was due to nuclear and chemical reactions. When he turned the gas off, the temperature inside the cell remained warmer than the cell wall for 50 hours, which Arata said was an effect of nuclear fusion.
While Arata´s demonstration looked promising to his audience, the real test is still to come: duplication. Many scientists and others are now recalling the infamous 1989 demonstration by Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons, who claimed to produce controlled nuclear fusion in a glass jar at room temperature. However, no one - including Fleischmann and Pons - could duplicate the experiment, leading many people to consider cold fusion a pseudoscience to this day.
But one witness at the recent demonstration, physicist Akito Takahashi of Osaka University, thought that the experiment should be able to be repeated.
"Arata and Zhang demonstrated very successfully the generation of continuous excess energy [heat] from ZrO2-nano-Pd sample powders under D2 gas charging and generation of helium-4," Takahashi told New Energy Times. "The demonstrated live data looked just like data they reported in their published papers [J. High Temp. Soc. Jpn, Feb. and March issues, 2008]. This demonstration showed that the method is highly reproducible."
In addition, researchers will have to repeat the experiment with larger amounts of the palladium and zirconium oxide mixture in order to generate larger quantities of energy.
via: Physics World and New Energy Times
You could use a Stirling engine. There are also semiconductor devices that can convert those types of thermal gradients directly to electricity. Frankly, it would also make a good hot water heater for a building.
Ideally, you would run a turbine with 1000C steam, but many useful systems can live with the low thermal gradient if they only have to refuel every decade.
Even if you get a 99% efficient machine, you still only have a few kilowatts of heat at near room temperature operation.
Deuterium is chemically nearly hydrogen. In the gas line to domestic or commercial gas appliances is a mesh, palladium or platinum or one of those metals that scavenges the hydrogen from the gas because hydrogen in the gas is not desireable for combustion qualities, and the mesh gets hot. Similarly the catalytic converter in car exhaust lines gets hot as it scavenges NOx from the system. Just supply deuterium (or hydrogen) to the fusion reactor and it will get hot without nuclear reaction.
If it fits in my basement, that’s all I need.
And it it produces the heat equivalent of a 100 Watt lightbulb, how will that supply all you need unless you only have one 75 Watt lamp and nothing else.
DOH! The old position and momentum commutatable Hamiltonian canonical eigenstates quantum observation amplitudes, I always forget about those. (/Smacking forehead)
Perhaps in place of a medium it is the atoms' electrical polarization which is being reduced.
That would result in roughly a 3.75 multiplier to get the price of D2, or about $3500 a pound plus the cost of prying it loose from the O2. Ouch!
There is a significant difference between "difficult to reproduce" and "crap". CF hs proven to be difficult to reproduce, but it HAS been reproduced. See the links in some of my replies on-thread. The work with the track-etch detectors used exactly the same type reactor as used in the first Pons-Fleischman experiment.
Thanks for the ping.
I noticed this came up on the keelynet blog (yes, keelynet is still in operation!)
http://keelynet.wordpress.com/2008/05/26/arata-zhang-lenr-demonstration-cold-fusion/
Arata-Zhang LENR Demonstration (Cold Fusion)
Posted by keelynet on May 26, 2008
And this didn’t make the mainstream media? For my money, its an exotic battery, once its contaminated, you have to gut it and replace with all new parts. Of course, THE POINT is that it produces excess heat with low energy reactions but as Dr. JOM Bockris pointed out years ago, the most interesting thing to him was TRANSMUTATION using low energy.
“Against a monumental backdrop of bad publicity for cold fusion since 1989, researchers in Japan on May 22 demonstrated the production of excess heat and helium-4, the results of an historic low-energy nuclear reaction experiment. The mastermind behind the demonstration is Yoshiaki Arata, a highly respected physicist in Japan who has been the recipent of Japan’s highest award, the Order of Cultural Merit, and is the first person to have performed a thermonuclear fusion experiment showing large amounts of d-d reactions in Japan. A lecture by Arata preceded the demonstration before a live audience in Arata Hall (named in his honor) at the Joining and Welding Research Institute at Osaka University. The demonstration took place in the Osaka University Advanced Science & Innovation Center with the help of Arata’s associate, professor Yue Chang Zhang of Shianghai Jiotong University. Professor Akito Takahashi of Osaka University was an eyewitness to the demonstration. “Arata and Zhang demonstrated very successfully the generation of continuous excess energy (heat) from ZrO2-nano-Pd sample powders under D2 gas charging and generation of helium-4,” Takahashi wrote. “The demonstrated live data looked just like data they reported in their published papers (J. High Temp. Soc. Jpn, Feb. and March issues, 2008). This demonstration showed that the method is highly reproducible.” - Source
Yoshiaki Arata published something very similar 2 years ago, so he might just be chasing publicity at this point.
Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biological Sciences
Vol.70 , No.7(1994)pp.106-111
[ Full-text PDF (698K) ] [ References ]
A New Energy caused by “Spillover-Deuterium”
Yoshiaki ARATA and Yue-Chang ZHANG1)
1) Welding Research Institute, Osaka University
[Released: 2006/10/13]
Abstract:
It was verified that a new kind of energy is caused by “Spillover-Deuterium” generated in a double structure (DS)-cathode with “Pd-black”. Using this cathode, the authors confirmed the sustained production of a significantly abnormal amount of energy over a period of several months that could not be ascribed to chemical reaction energy. The chemical reaction energy of 0.1[mol] Pd-black used is only 4[kJ], but more than 200[MJ] of excess energy was continuously produced for over 3000[hr] at an average rate of 50-100[kJ/hr] using a DS-cathode with a same quantity of Pd-black. Intermittent operation over a period of two years using this structure proved the complete reproducibility of these results.
Keywords:
Spillover deuterium, Pd-black, DS-cathode, new energy
[ Full-text PDF (698K) ] [ References ]
JOI JST.Journalarchive/pjab1977/70.106
We're trying to train it, but a nature is a real slow learner.
“I don’t understand how a truly cold (room temperature) reaction has any benefit”
I think that the phrase “cold fusion” is not literal, but meant to distinguish this field from super-hot plasma fusion research.
“Even if you get a 99% efficient machine, you still only have a few kilowatts of heat at near room temperature operation.”
When two deuterium atoms fuse to form one He4, 0.6% of the rest mass is converted to energy. Plug that into e=mcc, and you’ll have a better idea what the energy generating potential is.
Thanks Kevmo for both of those replies.
What form of energy is it if not mostly heat? If it was gamma radiation, it would not be very useful.
There has actually been a lot of research into the phenomena for several years, some of it sponsored by the navy.
http://www.lenr-canr.org/Collections/USNavy.htm
The trick these scientists use is the oblique and fancy terminology. Here’s some examples from the navy website: “The Pd/(n)H system: transport processes and development of thermal instabilities.” and “Cyclic voltammetry od Pd + D codeposition. “ and “The Metal Hydrogen System: Interphase Participation in H-Transport.”
Several patents have been filed and granted using this trick. But, if you happened to be a patent examiner who ‘believed in’ cold fusion, you lose your job (Paul La Violette).
SubQuantum Kinetics, wide ranging unifying cosmology theory by Dr. Paul LaViolette
THE STARBURST FOUNDATION ^ | January 2007 | Dr. Paul LaViolette
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1884938/posts
Posted on 08/22/2007 12:00:43 PM PDT by Kevmo
U.S. Navy Cold Fusion Research
The LENR-CANR.org library includes several papers by U.S. Navy researchers at the China Lake Naval Weapons Laboratory, the Naval Research Laboratory and Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWARS). Here are some examples:
Miles, M., NEDO Final Report - Electrochemical Calorimetric Studies Of Palladium And Palladium Alloys In Heavy Water. 2004, University of La Verne.
Szpak, S., et al., Thermal behavior of polarized Pd/D electrodes prepared by co-deposition. Thermochim. Acta, 2004. 410: p. 101.
A sample IR camera video clip that was shown by Frank Gordon during ICCF10. It is described in the ICCF10 paper and PowerPoint slides titled, Polarized D+/Pd-D2O System: Hot Spots and “Mini-Explosions”. The video clip shows two views, Surface and Profile:
Time/space dependency of “hot spots”.
Left - at elevated temperature arrows indicated spots whose temperature was outside of the camera range
Right - distribution of cell temperature. A-A electrode surface temperature, B-B solution temperature.
From the PowerPoint descriptions for Slides 4 and 5: “ In the upper left, several different temperatures are represented by the colors with the lighter blue being hotter. Toward the edge of the electrode, the temperatures are lower. Also, these frames ‘freeze’ the action which is actually very dynamic with flashes of the light blue that decays back to the surrounding temperature. Over time, the flashes become more frequent and tend to cluster in an area with the average temperature of that area becoming hotter than the surrounding areas. Over time, the entire electrode surface reaches the hotter temperature and the process repeats itself with flashes of colors representing hotter temperatures starting to show up. . . .
The short video clip . . . shows the hot spots, initially in a small area of the electrode that over about 1.5 minutes expands to cover a significant portion of the electrode’s surface.”
The video clip is available here in two formats, Windows Media Video (WMV) and Real Media (RM):
SzpakIR.wmv (12 MB)
SzpakIR.rm (8 MB)
Double click on the title to play the clip, or right click and save it to your disk. Both files are large, and may take a long time to appear or download.
In their latest 2006 experiments, Szpak, Mosier-Boss et al. use external high voltage or magnetic fields and CR-39 to detect high energy particles. The CR-39 is placed in close proximity to the cathode because the particles do not travel far. These experiments appear to be highly reproducible. See:
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSexperiment.pdf
Here is a video of Mosier-Boss giving a lecture on this subject at the American Physcial Society, March 5, 2007, courtesy Steven Krivit of the New Energy Times.
Pamela Mosier-Boss et al., “Production of High Energy Particles Using the Pd/D Co-Deposition Process”
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-1214733147725965006
Here is a related lecture, also courtesy Steven Krivit:
Larry Forsley et al., “Time Resolved, High Resolution, Gamma-Ray and Integrated Charge and Knock-on Particle Measurements of Pd:D Co-deposition Cells”
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6412593157514157574
For more information, see: “Extraordinary Evidence,” by Bennett Daviss and Steven Krivit:
http://newenergytimes.com/news/2006/NET19.htm#ee
A copy at LENR-CANR is here:
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KrivitSextraordin.pdf
Here are some other papers describing the co-deposition and electric fields:
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakStheeffecto.pdf
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSevidenceof.pdf
We also recommend these papers:
Mosier-Boss, P. A. Thermal and Nuclear Aspects of the Pd/D2O System, Vol 1 (Long: 3 MB), Vol 2.
From the Introduction to Vol. 1: “ As I write this Foreword, California is experiencing rolling blackouts due to power shortages. Conventional engineering, planned ahead, could have prevented these blackouts, but it has been politically expedient to ignore the inevitable. We do not know if Cold Fusion will be the answer to future energy needs, but we do know the existence of Cold Fusion phenomenon through repeated observations by scientists throughout the world. It is time that this phenomenon be investigated so that we can reap whatever benefits accrue from additional scientific understanding. It is time for government funding organizations to invest in this research.”
Dr. Frank E. Gordon
Head, Navigation and Applied Sciences Department
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego
The March 29, 2003 issue of the New Scientist magazine featured interviews with Miles and Mosier-Boss, in an article by B. Daviss, Reasonable Doubt, p. 36. The synopsis: “ No sooner had cold fusion surfaced than it was written off, and the idea of extracting virtually limitless free energy from water became taboo. So how come a small band of experienced researchers working for the US Navy just can’t let it drop? Bennett Daviss takes up their strange story”
Miles, M. Calorimetric Principles and Problems in Pd-D2O Electrolysis
Miles, M. Anomalous Effects in Deuterated Systems, Final Report. We have uploaded an improved version of this, with better copies of the figures, and Acrobat formatted Bookmarks and Table of Contents. In lectures and correspondence about this paper, Miles emphasizes the last two sections: Discussion and Summary. He makes three critical points in these sections:
1. The choice of cathode material is crucial to the outcome of the experiment. Table 10 shows that some sources of palladium nearly always produce excess, and some never work.
2. The fact that helium is correlated with the excess heat has been confirmed many ways, but perhaps most dramatically with a simple true/false statistical test. “ The odds are . . . approximately one in a million that our complete set of 33 heat and helium results could be obtained from random experimental errors in our calorimetry and helium measurements. A more rigorous treatment in Appendix C gives the probability as one out of 750,000 for our set of 33 heat and helium results.”
3. This research area has the potential to provide the human race with a nearly unlimited new source of energy. We hope that other scientists will continue to investigate this difficult research area until the challenging problems impeding progress are solved.
Here is a layman’s guide to the experiments of M. Miles, by J. Rothwell. Here is a web site describing Miles and his work: http://coldfusion-miles.com/
Several other papers by Miles and other present and retired U.S. Navy researchers are listed below.
List of Papers By U.S. Navy Researchers
Papers are listed by the principal author’s last name. All documents listed here are also listed in our regular Library index files. Some of these papers are not on file, but we hope to add them soon.
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Chubb, S.R. and T.A. Chubb. Theoretical Framework for Anomalous Heat and 4He in Transition Metal Systems. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.
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Chubb, S.R. Nuts and Bolts of the Ion Band State Theory. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.
DOWNLOAD Chubb, S.R. Impact of Boundary Effects Involving Broken Gauge Symmetry on LENR’s. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.
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Chubb, T.A. and S.R. Chubb. Deuteron Fluxing and the Ion Band State Theory. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.
DOWNLOAD Dominguez, D.D., P.L. Hagans, and M.A. Imam. The effect of microstructure on deuterium loading in palladium cathodes. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hagans, P.L., D.D. Dominguez, and M.A. Imam. Surface composition of Pd cathodes. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hubler, G.K., Anomalous Effects in Hydrogen-Charged Palladium - A review (PowerPoint slides). Surf. Coatings Technol., 2007.
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Melich, M.E. and W.N. Hansen. Some Lessons from 3 Years of Electrochemical Calorimetry. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, “ Frontiers of Cold Fusion” . 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
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Melich, M.E. and W.N. Hansen. Back to the Future, The Fleischmann-Pons Effect in 1994. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
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Miles, M., K.H. Park, and D.E. Stilwell. Electrochemical Calorimetric Studies of the Cold Fusion Effect. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
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Miles, M. and B.F. Bush. Calorimetric Principles and Problems in Pd-D2O Electrolysis. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, “ Frontiers of Cold Fusion” . 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
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Miles, M., et al., Correlation of excess power and helium production during D2O and H2O electrolysis using palladium cathodes. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1993. 346: p. 99.
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Miles, M. and K.B. Johnson, Anomalous Effects in Deuterated Systems, Final Report. 1996, Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division.
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Miles, M. and K.B. Johnson, Electrochemical insertion of hydrogen into metals and alloys. Infinite Energy, 1996. 1(5 & 6): p. 68.
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Miles, M. Correlation Of Excess Enthalpy And Helium-4 Production: A Review. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.
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Miles, M., NEDO Final Report - Electrochemical Calorimetric Studies Of Palladium And Palladium Alloys In Heavy Water. 2004, University of La Verne.
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Mosier-Boss, P.A. and S. Szpak, The Pd/(n)H system: transport processes and development of thermal instabilities. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1999. 112: p. 577.
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Mosier-Boss, P.A. and S. Szpak, The Pd/(n)H system: transport processes and development of thermal instabilities. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1999. 112: p. 577.
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Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Thermal and Nuclear Aspects of the Pd/D2O System, ed. S. Szpak and P.A. Mosier-Boss. Vol. 1 A Decade of Research at Navy Laboratories. 2002: SPAWAR Systems Center, San Diego, U.S. Navy.
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Mosier-Boss, P.A. and M. Fleischmann, Thermal and Nuclear Aspects of the Pd/D2O System, ed. S. Szpak and P.A. Mosier-Boss. Vol. 2. Simulation of the Electrochemical Cell (ICARUS) Calorimetry. 2002: SPAWAR Systems Center, San Diego, U.S. Navy.
Nagel, D.J., The status of ‘cold fusion’. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 1998. 51: p. 653.
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Nagel, D.J., Fusion Physics and Philosophy. Accountability Res., 2000. 8: p. 137.
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Nagel, D.J. and M.A. Imam. Energetics Of Defects And Strains In Palladium. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.
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Szpak, S. Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. Please note, this is a large file: 2.5 MB. It contains an introduction followed by twelve papers that are also loaded into the Library separately, as smaller files. You may wish to download this paper or some of individual papers only, but not both. The individual papers are:
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INCLUDED Szpak, S., et al., On the behavior of the Pd/D system: Evidence for tritium production. Fusion Technol., 1998. 33: p. 38.
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INCLUDED Szpak, S., et al., Electrochemical charging of Pd rods. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 309: p. 273.
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INCLUDED Szpak, S., P.A. Mosier-Boss, and S.R. Scharber, Charging of the Pd/(n)H system: role of the interphase. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1992. 337: p. 147.
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INCLUDED Szpak, S., P.A. Mosier-Boss, and C.J. Gabriel, Absorption of deuterium in palladium rods: Model vs. experiment. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1994. 365: p. 275.
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INCLUDED Szpak, S., P.A. Mosier-Boss, and R.D. Boss, Comments on the analysis of tritium content in electrochemical cells. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1994. 373: p. 1.
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INCLUDED Szpak, S., P.A. Mosier-Boss, and J.J. Smith, Deuterium uptake during Pd-D codeposition. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1994. 379: p. 121.
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INCLUDED Szpak, S., et al., Cyclic voltammetry od Pd + D codeposition. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1995. 380: p. 1.
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INCLUDED Mosier-Boss, P.A. and S. Szpak, The Metal Hydrogen System: Interphase Participation in H-Transport. 1995, Naval Control, Command and Ocean Surveillance Center, RDT& E Division.
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INCLUDED Szpak, S., et al., On the behavior of the Pd/D system: Evidence for tritium production. Fusion Technol., 1998. 33: p. 38.
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INCLUDED Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Calorimetry of Open Electrolysis Cells. 1995, Naval Control, Command and Ocean Surveillance Center, RDT& E Division.
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INCLUDED Szpak, S., P.A. Mosier-Boss, and J.J. Smith, On the behavior of the cathodically polarized Pd/D system: Search for emanating radiation. Phys. Lett. A, 1996. 210: p. 382.
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INCLUDED Szpak, S., P.A. Mosier-Boss, and J.J. Smith. Reliable Procedure for the Initiation of the Fleischmann-Pons Effect. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, “ The Science of Cold Fusion” . 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
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INCLUDED Szpak, S., P.A. Mosier-Boss, and J.J. Smith. Comments on Methodology of Excess Tritium Determination. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, “ Frontiers of Cold Fusion” . 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
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Szpak, S., et al. Polarized D+/Pd-D2O System: Hot Spots and “Mini-Explosions”. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.
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Szpak, S., et al. Polarized D+/Pd-D2O System: Hot Spots and “Mini-Explosions” PowerPoint slides. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.
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Szpak, S., et al., Thermal behavior of polarized Pd/D electrodes prepared by co-deposition. Thermochim. Acta, 2004. 410: p. 101.
DOWNLOAD Szpak, S., P.A. Mosier-Boss, and F. Gordon. Precursors And The Fusion Reactions In Polarised Pd/D-D2O System: Effect Of An External Electric Field - PowerPoint presentation. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.
DOWNLOAD Szpak, S., P.A. Mosier-Boss, and F. Gordon. Precursors And The Fusion Reactions In Polarised Pd/D-D2O System: Effect Of An External Electric Field. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.
DOWNLOAD Szpak, S., et al., Evidence of nuclear reactions in the Pd lattice. Naturwiss., 2005.
DOWNLOAD Szpak, S., et al., The effect of an external electric field on surface morphology of co-deposited Pd/D films. J. Electroanal. Chem., 2005. 580: p. 284-290.
DOWNLOAD Szpak, S., P.A. Mosier-Boss, and F. Gordon. Experimental Evidence for LENR in a Polarized Pd/D Lattice. in NDIA 2006. 2006. Washington, DC.
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