I've spent quite a bit of time in southern China. Hong Kong/ShenZhen/Shekou and areas within about 2 hours drive of there. We have local representatives, company drivers(Chinese) and insurance to take care of any emergencies.
Never did anything with the consulate warden. I won't(very unlikely anyway) be going back as my contribution(IT infrastructure and data comm) is done.
I also only carried about 500 on me. $4000RMB will get you one hell of a cab ride!
That is an absolute minimum. You are not leaving yourself much to get checked into a hospital.