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To: betty boop; WildTurkey; PatrickHenry; js1138
[You left out all the lies and the false-science promoted by the anti-evolutionists.]

That's a pretty sweeping statement, WildTurkey. Could you help me narrow it down a little bit? Just give me an example or two, and I'll go chase it (them) down.

One example (of literally countless thousands)... The following is a review of "Skeletons in Your Closet", a creationist book aimed at "educating" children: Review: Skeletons in Your Closet.

And don't just take the rewiewer's word for it, I can vouch that his criticisms are accurate ones. Here are some excerpts (each "paragraph" is a separately excerpted passage):

Skeletons in Your Closet, by Gary Parker (1998), is a creationist book for children which tackles the subject of human evolution and argues that there is no valid evidence for it.

Parker's book consists of an enormous amount of misdirection, and evasion of most of the best evidence for human evolution. All the old creationist favorites such as Piltdown Man, Nebraska Man, Ramapithecus and Nutcracker Man are discussed. Of course, these have little or no relevance to the modern study of human evolution, and some of them never did.

Parker mentions three other "huge mistakes": an alligator bone, a horse's toe bone, and a dolphin rib, all supposedly misidentified as hominids. The first two of these are so obscure that I have never been able to find out the details about these fossils or who misidentified them. Whatever they were, they are irrelevant - they were never accepted or even named as hominid species, and sank without a trace.

As for the dolphin's rib, it's almost as irrelevant. Parker says that "... the evolutionist who found it thought he could prove it was an ape-man who walked upright!" but the truth is somewhat different.

It too was never named as a hominid, and its discoverer never claimed he could prove it walked upright - that detail was just invented by Parker.

In contrast to the space devoted to these irrelevancies, legitimate fossils are either ignored or misrepresented.

p. 11: As an example of the arbitrariness of reconstructions, Parker claims that a camel skull could be reconstructed to look like a vicious meat-eater. It turns out that this is true only if you're incompetent; in real life, a class of students had no difficulty working out from a camel skull that it had to be herbivorous rather than carnivorous (see Anj Petto's article Over the Hump - Taking the AIG Camel Challenge!, based on this creationist article)

p. 12: Parker repeats the tired claim that Neandertals were just normal people with bone disease. Naturally, like us, Neandertals suffered from bone disease, though I don't believe any Neandertal has ever been discovered with rickets, which Parker implies when he claims that they suffered from a shortage of vitamin D. But the idea that bone diseases caused Neandertal anatomy is discredited (and has been for well over a century), and few if any scientists believe it now.

p. 23: "Even science traces all human beings back to just two people. The Bible calls them Adam and Eve, and all of us came from just those two and no others." This is almost certainly referring to the concepts of mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosome Adam. Parker's statement is an astonishing howler; anyone with even a basic familiarity with these concepts should know that they do not mean what Parker says (see What, if anything, is a Mitochondrial Eve?). The mitochondrial Eve and the Y-chromosome Adam are only the respective common ancestors of our mtDNA (inherited from mothers) and Y-chromosomes (inherited from fathers). No scientists claim that they are the only two ancestors of all humans, and many popular articles explicitly point this out. Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosome Adam are not our exclusive ancestors, they probably lived at different times and in different places, and they almost certainly never knew each other.

p. 35: Parker says that Eugene Dubois, the discoverer of Java Man, "also found regular human skulls in the same gravel", strongly implying that they were found in the same deposits. This is totally false. These skulls are known as the Wadjak skulls, which should be a pretty good tip off that they were found somewhere else. They were; Wadjak is about 65 miles (104 kms) away from Trinil, where Java Man was discovered. (Many other creationists make the weaker claim that the Wadjak skulls were discovered "at the same level". This is also false; Java Man was discovered in river deposits in a flood plain with a non-modern fauna, while the Wadjak skulls were discovered in a mountain cave with a modern fauna.)

Parker says that Dubois "didn't tell anyone for over thirty years about the human [Wadjak] skulls he discovered". This is also false; in fact Dubois published three articles mentioning the Wadjak skulls soon after their discovery.

p. 49: "[Donald] Johanson even said that Lucy was the ancestor of all the apes as well as human beings." Almost certainly nonsense; Parker is probably misremembering a claim by Johanson that Lucy was the ancestor of all later hominids.

p. 51 contains the following dialogue:

"Mom: ...But other scientists didn't just look [at Lucy]; they took measurements.
Dana: What did the measurements show?
Mom: They showed that Lucy did not walk upright. In fact, another ape, an orangutan, would have walked more like a person than Lucy could."
As far as I can tell, this is complete fiction. I have never heard of any scientific papers claiming that Lucy did not walk upright. I can only imagine that Parker has some muddled memory of a well known paper by Charles Oxnard (1975), in which Oxnard claimed some functional similarities between some australopithecine bones and orang-utans. However, Oxnard was examining South African specimens of A. africanus, not Lucy (which is in A. afarensis).

p. 52: "Two scientists put pictures of Lucy's skeleton on top of a chimp's just to show you could scarcely tell the difference." This almost certainly refers to a paper by Zihlman et al. (1984), which contains a drawing comparing a chimp with Lucy. (As a minor point, Zihlman's drawing doesn't show Lucy's skeleton on top of a chimp's. Did Parker even bother to look at the drawing before writing about it?) Parker even gives a cartoon representation of this drawing. However the real drawing shows considerably greater differences than Parker does:


The similarity as depicted in Zihlman (1984) with chimp on left, Lucy on right

The similarity as depicted by Parker
In reality, the Zihlman drawing was done not "to show you could scarcely tell the difference", but to point out both the similarities and differences between Lucy and a chimp.

p. 62: "The skeleton [of Turkana Boy] was like that of a modern human, Homo sapiens, in every way..." A comparison of a photo of the Turkana Boy skull with a drawing of a modern human skull shows that they look considerably more different than one would expect from Parker's statement.

p. 76: "According to evolution, Diane, there is no God who made us". This is just ridiculous; the theory of evolution, like any other scientific theory, takes no stance on whether God exists or not. Despite Parker's repeated attempts to smear evolution by equating it with atheism, many evolutionist scientists are Christians, and most major Christian denominations have no problem with evolution.

An unpleasant aspect of the book is Parker's continual denigration of scientists, in both word and picture. A few cartoons depict scientists as either overweight or scrawny (but always unattractive), and foolish or dishonest. This is pretty rich, coming from someone with Parker's carelessness with the truth. Here are a couple of examples:


The discoverer of 'Nebraska Man', daydreaming about his find.

This scientist has a bubble saying "These bones obviously belong to a female 'ape-woman' with an I.Q. of 47 who was carrying one of her 3 children as she walked upright."

Accompanying Parker's claims about the Wadjak skulls is an illustration showing a masked man under cover of night putting a human skull into a box labelled "Evidence to hide - Man before Ape-man".

Later he claims that Donald Johanson deliberately and fraudulently altered the pelvis of Lucy to make it look as though she was bipedal.

Elsewhere, one of the Parker children asks rhetorically whether museum displays aren't being dishonest in displaying fossils such as Java Man and Nutcracker Man. Indeed they would be if the fossils were being misrepresented, but there's no evidence that that is the case. Java Man is correctly classified as Homo erectus in museums, and Nutcracker Man as a robust australopithecine not ancestral to humans. If Parker has any reasons to claim these aren't correct identifications, he should state them rather than casting slurs on the honesty of museums.

Referring to the Tasmanian genocide, Parker says "The settlers believed so strongly that the Tasmanian natives were part animal that they formed a human chain across parts of the island to hunt down and kill all the native peoples." [3] Although he is obviously trying to pin the blame for this on evolution, it occurred in 1830 - some thirty years before Darwin published his theory. The settlers were not evolutionists, but were mostly Christians - maybe Parker should reconsider his belief that evolution is responsible for racism.

As far as I could tell, all of the material in Parker's book could have been recycled from other creationist sources, and probably was; it is hard to see how someone familiar with the scientific literature could get so much wrong.

I'll admit that I did not come to this book expecting to be impressed by it. Still, I was surprised at how appallingly bad it was. Parker is, after all, an important figure in the world of creationism (see his bio here). He was prominent in the Institute for Creation Research for many years, and then founded Answers in Genesis along with Ken Ham.

Parker's book is an example of the worst of creationist literature, a shoddy collection of recycled misinformation.

This book is not only contains no reliable scientific information, but is dishonest to the core. Any kid who relies on Skeletons in your Closet won't have a hope of being able to participate in a discussion of human evolution - and wouldn't even be able to understand the discussion. Even creationists should be embarrassed by this book.

This is just a small sampling -- read the full review to see what a horror story of scientific inaccuracy this creationist book really is.

And yet, this error-ridden book, which makes scores of false and misleading claims about paleontology, is still currently for sale on more creationist and homeschooling sites than I can count, usually accompanied with glowing mini-reviews which declare how this book presents the "truth" about evolution...

1,052 posted on 01/31/2005 8:37:42 PM PST by Ichneumon
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To: Ichneumon
The following is a review of "Skeletons in Your Closet", a creationist book aimed at "educating" children: Review: Skeletons in Your Closet.

LOL! This is priceless stuff.

Right up there with Bomby

1,055 posted on 01/31/2005 8:41:39 PM PST by RightWingNilla
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To: Ichneumon
And yet, this error-ridden book, which makes scores of false and misleading claims about paleontology, is still currently for sale on more creationist and homeschooling sites than I can count, usually accompanied with glowing mini-reviews which declare how this book presents the "truth" about evolution...

Once again, great post, thanks. Write a book, for heaven's sake.

1,056 posted on 01/31/2005 8:42:17 PM PST by Right Wing Professor (Evolve or die!)
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To: Ichneumon
And yet, this error-ridden book, which makes scores of false and misleading claims ...

I can probably name a dozen creationists who, based on your post, will rush out and buy dozens of copies, to be given to all their friends.

1,102 posted on 02/01/2005 2:51:44 AM PST by PatrickHenry (<-- Click on my name. The List-O-Links for evolution threads is at my freeper homepage.)
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To: Ichneumon

Boy! This is really series!


1,123 posted on 02/01/2005 6:57:48 AM PST by WildTurkey (When will CBS Retract and Apologize?)
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