Hanoi John: Kerry and the Antiwar Movement’s Communist Connections

Original FReeper research | 10/11/2004 | Fedora

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The footnotes seem to be too long to fit in the preview window, so I will add them in follow-up posts below. Also, in the first two articles there was a problem with the hyperlinks not working, which seems to be due to quotation marks in MS Word not importing correctly into html format. If the hyperlinks don't work, the links given should be accessible through cutting and pasting the URLs.

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Notes

¹“’Different Forever’: John Kerry Says Killing in War Permanently Changes Soldiers”, ABCNEWS.comhttp://abcnews.go.com/sections/Politics/Vote2004/kerry_vietnam_DNC_040729-1.html, July 29, 2004 (August 27, 2004).

²Douglas Brinkley, Tour of Duty: John Kerry and the Vietnam War, New York: William Morrow, 2004, 61-62; Jacob Leibenluft, “Kerry ’66: ‘He was going to be president’: In JFK’s shadow, a headstrong Kerry makes his run for the White House”, YaleDailyNews.com, http://www.yaledailynews.com/article.asp?AID=21803, February 14, 2003 (June 18, 2004); Gerald Nicosia, Home to War: A History of the Vietnam Veterans’ Movement, New York: Crown Publishers, 2001, 70.

³Samuel Z. Goldhaber, “John Kerry: A Navy Dove Runs for Congress”, The Harvard Crimson, February 18, 1970, reprinted at The Harvard Crimson Online, http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=352185 (June 18, 2004); Brinkley, Tour of Duty,370-373; Charles Laurence, “Revealed: how ‘war hero Kerry tried to put off Vietnam military duty”, telegraph.co.uk, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/03/07/wkerr07.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/03/07/ixnewstop.html, June 18, 2004 (June 18, 2004).

⁴Michael Kranish with Alex Beam, “Kerry War Letters Show His Conflicts”, The Boston Globe, July 25, 2004, A1, online at http://www.boston.com/news/politics/president/kerry/articles/2004/07/25/kerry_war_letters_show_his_conflicts/ (September 21, 2004); ”Bay Area Widow Takes Up the Kerry Cause”, abc7news.com, http://www.abclocal.go.com/kgo/news/politics/072804_politics_kerry_vet.html, July 28, 2004 (August 16, 2004).

⁵Jeremy Brecher, “The Vietnam Moratorium”, Liberation Magazine, December 1969, reprinted online at , http://www.hippy.com/php/article-118.html (September 15, 2004); Nicosia, Home to War, 49; Brinkley, Tour of Duty,337; Ed Gold, ”Kerry’s big sister lending a hand in her own way”, The Villager, http://www.thevillager.com/villager_42/kerrysbigsister.html, Volume 73, Number 42, February 18-24, 2004 (June 18, 2004);Lucy Komisar, “Kerry Family Values: Peggy Kerry, John Kerry's sister, talks about her experience as a social activist and her deep shared value system with her family.”, AlterNet, September 13, 2004 (September 15, 2004).

⁶Cf. “Thrice Wounded”, March 1969, JohnKerry.com, http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/jkmilservice/Thrice_Wounded_Reassignment.pdf, (September 4, 2004); “Temporary Orders and Ranks”, JohnKerry.com, http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/jkmilservice/Temporary_Orders_and_Ranks.pdf, (September 4, 2004); Commander E.M. Salisbury to Lietutenant (junior grade) John Forbes Kerry, ”Release from Active Duty”, January 2, 1970, JohnKerry.com, http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/jkmilservice/Release_From_Active_Duty.pdf (September 4, 2004).

⁷Goldhaber.

⁸Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 339-342; James Burnett, “The Silent Partner”, www.bostonmagazine.com, http://www.bostonmagazine.com/ArticleDisplay.php?id=353, April 2004 (July 17, 2004); “Board of Directors: Jerome Grossman”, Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/about/board.html (September 24, 2004); Jerome Grossman, interview, conducted by Nancy Earsy, Lexington Oral History Projects, Inc., http://www.lexingtonbattlegreen1971.com/files/Grossman,%20Jerome.pdf, December 3, 1996, (July 17, 2004); Gerald M. Pomper and Miles A. Pomper, “Jewish Party Politicians”, Gerry Pomper’s Website, http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~gpomper/JewishPartyPoliticians.htm(July 17, 2004); Seth Gitell, “Is Grossman Our Next Governor?”, The Boston Phoenix, http://www.bostonphoenix.com/archive/features/00/03/16/TALKING_POLITICS.html, March 16-23, 2000 (July 17, 2004);“Drinan, Robert”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1995; Jack Thomas, “Rome Tells Drinan Not To Run Again”, The Boston Globe, May 5, 1980, 1.

⁹Nicosia, Home to War, 72.

¹⁰Grossman, interview; Arthur Johnson, interview, conducted by Norma McGavern-Norland, Lexington Oral History Projects, Inc., http://www.lexingtonbattlegreen1971.com/files/Johnson,%20Arthur.pdf, March 20, 1995, (July 17, 2004); Christopher Gregory, interview, conducted by Lenore Fenn, Lexington Oral History Projects, Inc., http://www.lexingtonbattlegreen1971.com/files/Gregory,%20Chris.pdf, March 14, 1995, (July 17, 2004); Bestor Cram, interview, conducted by Norma McGavern-Norland, Lexington Oral History Projects, Inc., http://www.lexingtonbattlegreen1971.com/files/Cram,%20Bestor.pdf, June 19, 1992, (July 17, 2004); Memo, Boston, Massachusetts FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Inc.”, March 31, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 02, 152-158 (September 15, 2004); Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 340-343; Nicosia, Home to War, 72.

¹¹Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 340-341; Michael Kranish and Patricia Healy, “Kerry spoke of meeting negotiators on Vietnam”, The Boston Globe, http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2004/03/25/kerry_spoke_of_meeting_negotiators_on_vietnam/, March 25, 2004 (September 4, 2004); Marc Morano, ”FBI Files Show Kerry Met With Communists More Than Once”, CNSNews.com, http://www.cnsnews.com//ViewSpecialReports.asp?Page=\SpecialReports\archive\200406\SPE20040604a.html, June 4, 2004 (June 18, 2004); John E. O’Neill and Jerome R. Corsi, Unfit for Command: Swift Boat Veterans Speak Out Against John Kerry, Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 2004, 127-129.

¹²Nicosia, Home to War, 211-212.

¹³Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 406, 462.

¹⁴See “Kansas City Kerry—The Phoenix Project”, FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1104239/posts, March 24, 2004 (June 18, 2004); Thomas H. Lipscomb, “How Kerry Quit Veterans Group Amid Dark Plot: When Talk Turned To Assassination He Exited, Vet Says”, The New York Sun, Front page, March 12, 2004, online at http://daily.nysun.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:ArticleToMail&Type=text/html&Path=NYS/2004/03/12&ID=Ar00100 (June 18, 2004).

¹⁵Marc Morano, ”Kerry Lying About Anti-War Past, Supporter Alleges”, CNSNews.com, http://www.cnsnews.com//ViewPolitics.asp?Page=\Politics\archive\200403\POL20040318a.html, March 18, 2004 (June 18, 2004); Gerald Nicosia, “Veteran in Conflict: Sen. John Kerry's Struggle for Leadership of a Vietnam Veterans Antiwar Group in 1971 Ended With His Resignation at a Stormy Meeting in Kansas City, Where Militants Advocated Violence Against the U.S. Government”, Los Angeles Times, http://www.latimes.com/features/printedition/magazine/?track=mainnav-magazine, May 23, 2004, Section Los Angeles Times Magazine, LAT Magazine Desk, Part I, Page 10, archived at BeldarBlog, http://beldar.blogs.com/beldarblog/2004/09/Nicosia_article_LAT_5-24-04.pdf (October 1, 2004).

¹⁶Letterhead Memorandum, Kansas City, Missouri FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Steering Committee Meeting: Kansas City, Missouri: November 12, 13, 14, 1971”, November 18, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 11, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 11, 190-197 (September 4, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, author deleted, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War Regional Coordinators and National Steering Committee Meeting, Weekend November 12-15, 1971, Kansas City, Missouri”, November 24, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 9, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 9, 148-157 (September 4, 2004). Cf. Teletype, author deleted to FBI Director and New York FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War Regional Coordinators and National Steering Committee Meeting Weekend November Fourteen, Nineteen Seventyone, Kansas City, Missouri”, November 16, 1971 and Teletype, author deleted to FBI Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, November 18, 1971 and Teletype, author deleted to FBI Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, November 19, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 9, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 9, 199-204, 208-210, 229-232 (September 4, 2004); Teletype, author deleted to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War Paren VVAW Paren”, November 19, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 10, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 10, 2-14 (September 4, 2004).

¹⁷Morano, ”Kerry Lying About Anti-War Past, Supporter Alleges”.

¹⁸Michael Kranish, ”Kerry can’t recall being at ’71 parley”, Boston.com, http://www.boston.com/news/politics/president/articles/2004/04/01/kerry_cant_recall_being_at_71_parley/, April 1, 2004 (June 18, 2004)

¹⁹See archive at “Documents, Film Clips, Audio and Cartoons: So when did John Kerry leave the VVAW, anyway?”, www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=Documents, (June 18, 2004); “Kerry, Watergate: DNC Links Caused Break-In? 'Republican Paranoia Started Early,' Says '72 Democratic Youth Director Bob Weiner”, U.S. Newswire, http://releases.usnewswire.com/GetRelease.asp?id=26038, February 9, 2004 (September 5, 2004); “War opponent Kerry seeks Congress seat”, The Boston Globe, April 4, 1972, Page 21, attached to FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 21, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 21, 19 (September 4, 2004); B.J. Widdick, “Woodcock: A Voice, Not an Echo”, The Nation, Volume 214, Issue 20, May 15, 1972, online at The Nation Digital Archive, http://www.nationarchive.com/Summaries/v214i0020_05.htm (September 20, 2004); O’Neill and Corsi, 130-135, 140-143, 158-161.

²⁰”John Kerry Watching Nixon on Television”, Corbis, http://pro.corbis.com/popup/Enlargement.aspx?mediauids={3c773ac0-b0fd-4be4-9175-ff228fd5544c}|{ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff}&qsPageNo=1&fdid=&Area=Search&TotalCount=60&CurrentPos=13&WinID={3c773ac0-b0fd-4be4-9175-ff228fd5544c} (June 18, 2004); “Photo Gallery: John F. Kerry: Candidate in the Making: Part 3: John Kerry watches President Richard Nixon announce the cease-fire in Vietnam on January 24, 1973.”, Boston.com, http://www.boston.com/globe/nation/packages/kerry/images/day3/05.htm (June 18, 2004).

²¹Gregory; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 438-440, 444; Michael Crowley, “The Kerry Tribes: The seven factions fighting for control of his campaign and his presidency.”, MSN.com, http://slate.msn.com/id/2098894/, April 15, 2004 (September 4, 2004); Jennifer Peter, “Loyal and angry, Mass. veterans group continue fight against Kerry’s foes”, The Boston Globe, http://www.boston.com/news/politics/primaries/massachusetts/articles/2004/08/27/loyal_and_angry_mass_veterans_group_continue_fight_against_kerrys_foes/, August 27, 2004 (September 4, 2004).

²²Nicosia, Home to War, 144-147, 411-412; “What’s New: VVA Restricted Political Activities”, Vietnam Veterans of America, http://www.vva.org/whatsnew/restricted.htm (September 4, 2004).

²³Brecher; Goldhaber; Nicosia, Home to War, 49; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 337; Komisar.

²⁴Gold; Komisar.

²⁵Burnett;Grossman, interview.

²⁶Nicosia, Home to War, 72.

²⁷See H. Stuart Hughes, Gentleman Rebel: The Memoirs of H. Stuart Hughes, New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1990, 85-86, 138-139, 186, 195-204, 264, 282; Todd Gitlin, The Sixties: Years of Hope: Days of Rage, New York: Bantam Books, 1987, 87-104, 182. Note esp. the Hughes family’s relationship to Felix Frankfurter and Benjamin Cardozo, whose clerks Frankfurter supplied (cf. Bruce Allen Murphy, The Brandeis/Frankfurter Connection: The Secret Political Activities of Two Supreme Court Justices, Oxford University Press, 1982; Garden City: Anchor Books, 1983, 186).

²⁸Hughes, 250.

²⁹”Riesman, David”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1955; Paul Buhle, ”David Riesman”, EducationGuardian.co.uk, http://education.guardian.co.uk/obituary/story/0,12212,750236,00.html, May 13, 2002 (August 15, 2004);Murphy, 21-22, 45, 122. Cf. Gitlin 88, 95. On Brandeis and Frankfurter’s Communist activity, see Part 1 of this series, “John Kerry’s Red Roots: Richard Kerry’s Curious Career”.

³⁰”Communist Infiltration in the Nuclear Test Ban Movement”, May 13, 1960, Box 244:6548 and “Testimony of Dr. Linus Pauling”, June and October 1960, Box 244:6549, in Series IV: Investigative Files, Subseries C: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee Reports, 1956-1970, Thomas J. Dodd Papers, Archives & Special Collections at the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries; US Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports of Intelligence Agencies and the Rights of Americans, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976, Book III, 17; Athan Theoharis and John Stuart Cox, The Boss: J. Edgar Hoover and the Great American Inquisition, Temple University, 1988; New York: Bantam Books, 1990, 447.

³¹Hughes, 250-260, 279-287; Gitlin, 97.

³²Grossman, interview.

³³”AFSC History”, American Friends Service Committee, http://www.afsc.org/about/history.htm (September 7, 2004); “American Friends Service Committee: Records, 1940-1947”, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG001-025/dg002.AFSC/afsc.htm (September 6, 2004); FBI files, “American Friends Service Committee”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/committe.htm (September 5, 2004); Entry for “American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)” in ”Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive, Foreword by Congressman John Ashbrook, Afterword by Helmut Sauer, member of the West Germany Bundestag, Alexandria, Virginia: Western Goals, 1982, http://charlestonvoice.netfirms.com/PeaceGrpGloss.htm (August 16, 2004); “American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/afsc.htm (September 5, 2004); Gordon Lamb, “American Friends? Hardly”, FrontPageMagazine.com, http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=8215, June 5, 2003 (August 16, 2004).

³⁴Grossman, interview.

³⁵Hughes, 254-255, 260; Grossman, interview.

³⁶”Citizens for Participation in Political Action: records, 1962-1992”, Healey Library at UMass Boston, http://www.lib.umb.edu/archives/cppa.html (August 16, 2004); Michael Kenney, “CPPAX Keeps Liberal Flames Burning: Glory Days May Be Behind Them, But There Are 5,000 Members To Celebrate 25th Anniversary”, The Boston Globe, April 26, 1987, 94.

³⁷Grossman, interview.

³⁸Grossman, interview.

³⁹Untitled article, The Tech, Volume 89, Number 29, July 23, 1969, reprinted online at http://kurzweil.mit.edu/archives/VOL_089/TECH_V089_S0287_P001.txt (June 18, 2004); Hunter Barns, “October 15, 1969: Moratorium”, from ”Objective Journalism? A Brief Look at The New York Times and the Vietnam Antiwar Movement”, Vietnam Antiwar Movement Page, http://home.sandiego.edu/~hbarns/Moratorium.html (September 4, 2004); Brecher; Michalina, “Student assesses effect of war moratorium”, Southwords, October 1970, reprinted online at Maine South High School, http://www.maine207south.k12.il.us/departments/235/70moratorium.htm (September 4, 2004); Jerome Grossman, “The Call for ‘Peace Now’”, The Boston Globe, October 15, 1989, A-31; Tom Wells, The War Within: America’s Battle Over Vietnam, with foreword by Todd Gitlin, Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1994, 399; Nicosia, Home to War, 49; Laura Richards, “Vietnam Moratorium March”, National Coalition to Save Our Mall, http://www.savethemall.org/moments/richards.html , (September 4, 2004). For a summary of Brown’s background see ”Nomination of Sam W. Brown, Jr.”, Congressional Record—Senate, 103rd Congress—2nd Session (1994), S-6319, May 25, 1994, located online through Thomas: Legislative Information on the Internet, http://thomas.loc.gov (September 4, 2004); ”Brown Nomination/CSCE Ambassador, Cloture (1st attempt)”, Congressional Record—Senate, 103rd Congress—2nd Session (1994), S-6251 Temp. Record, Vote No. 131, May 24, 1994, 4:43 pm, located online through “Senate Record Vote Analysis”, U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee, http://web.archive.org/web/19970816005931/http://www.senate.gov/~rpc/rva/1032/1032131.htm (September 4, 2004); William T. Poole, The New Left in Government: From Protest to Policy-Making, Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation, November 1978, executive summary cached online at http://groups.google.com/groups?q=William+Poole+new+left+government&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&selm=7ivnu6%24rpr%241%40bgtnsc01.worldnet.att.net&rnum=4 (September 4, 2004). On Hawk, see “Fellows: David Hawk”, The Petra Foundation, http://www.petrafoundation.org/fellows/ff_davidhawk.html (September 4, 2004). On Mixner, see Daniel Golden, “Mixner’s Moment”, The Boston Globe, June 6, 1993, Magazine section,14. On Sklencar, see “Student Mobe Plans Action”, The Tech, Volume 89, Number 53, September 26, 1969, 3, reprinted online at kurzweil.mit.edu/archives/ VOL_089/TECH_V089_S0311_P003.txt (June 18, 2004).

⁴⁰Grossman, “The Call for ‘Peace Now’”; Brecher; Michalina; Richards.

⁴¹Poole; Richards.

⁴²"National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam Records, 1966-1969", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG051-099/dg075nmc.htm (September 5, 2004); Gus Horowitz, “Movement history: Socialists and the anti-war movement”, The Militant, October 10, 1969, reprinted online at Links 24, http://www.dsp.org.au/links/back/issue24/Horowitz.htm, September-December 2003 (September 5, 2004); Appendix, “Student Mobilization Committee, also known as Student Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam; National Student Mobilization Committee”, attached to Letterhead Memorandum, Washington, DC FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, April 5, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 2, 172-181 (September 4, 2004); House Committee on Internal Security, Subversive Involvement in the Origin, Leadership, and Activities of the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and its Predecessor Organizations, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970; Poole.

⁴³”Socialist Workers Party (USA)”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(USA) (September 5, 2004); “History of the Fourth International—The Heritage of Marxism”, translation of introduction to Leon Trotsky, In Defense of Marxism, 1994, reprinted online at Iskra Research Publishing House, http://www.mit.edu/people/fjk/essays/heritage.html (September 5, 2004); Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes, and Fririkh Igorevich Firsov, The Secret World of American Communism, Russian documents translated by Timothy D. Sergay, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995, 142-143; John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999; New Haven: Yale Nota Bene, 2000, 250-286; Department of Defense, “Certificate of Nonaffiliation with Certain Organizations”, DD Form 48-1, June 1959, reprinted online at http://charlestonvoice.netfirms.com/attygenlA.JPG and http://charlestonvoice.netfirms.com/attygenlB.JPG (September 5, 2004); Paul Wolf, “COINTELPRO—Socialist Workers Party (1961-1970), www.cointel.org, http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/swp.htm (September 5, 2004); Athan Theoharis and John Stuart Cox, The Boss: J. Edgar Hoover and the Great American Inquisition, Temple University, 1988; New York: Bantam Books, 1990, 346-347, 361.

⁴⁴Appendix, “Student Mobilization Committee”.

⁴⁵House Committee on Internal Security, Subversive Involvement in the Origin, Leadership, and Activities of the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and its Predecessor Organizations; Poole; S. Steven Powell, Covert Cadre: Inside the Institute for Policy Studies, introduction by David Horowitz, Ottawa, Illinois: Green Hill Publishers, Inc., 1987, 36-37, 39-40. On the World Peace Council, see “WPC Brief History”, World Peace Council, http://www.wpc-in.org/website.htm#_Toc511224159 (September 16, 2004); “The New Nuke Hysteria”, AIM Report, May A 1982, online at Accuracy In Media, http://www.aim.org/publications/aim_report/1982/05a.html (September 16, 2004); Entry for “World Peace Council (WPC)” in ”Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive; “FAS Intelligence Resource Program: Active Measures”, American Federation of Scientists, http://www.fas.org/irp/world/russia/kgb/su0523.htm (September 16, 2004); “Ronald Dellums: Congressman: 9th California District”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/dellums.htm (September 5, 2004); Rob Prince, “The Ghost Ship of Lonnrotinkatu: The Catabolism of the World Peace Council—Part 1”, Peace Magazine, May-June 1992, 16, online at http://www.peacemagazine.org/archive/v08n3p16.htm (September 16, 2004); Rob Prince, “Following the Money Trail at the World Peace Council: Part II of Rob Prince's behind-the-scenes look at the World Peace Council's dealings in the aftermath of the Soviet Union's dissolution”, Peace Magazine, November-December 1992, 20, online at http://www.peacemagazine.org/archive/v08n6p20.htm (September 16, 2004); “Looking to the Future”, in United States Information Agency, Soviet Active Measures in the “Post-Cold War" Era, 1988-1991: A Report Prepared at the Request of the United States House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations, June 1992, online at The Literature of Intelligence: A Bibliography of Materials, with Essays, Reviews, and Comments, http://intellit.muskingum.edu/russia_folder/pcw_era/sect_13d.htm (September 16, 2004).

⁴⁶Appendix, “Student Mobilization Committee”; Poole; Nicosia, Home to War, 48-49; Richards.

⁴⁷Judith Mahoney Paternak, “Women Against War: It Started with ‘Lysistrata’”, The Nonviolent Activist: The Magazine of the War Resisters League, http://www.warresisters.org/nva0703-4.htm, July-August 2003 (September 5, 2004); Wells, The War Within: America’s Battle Over Vietnam, photo between 286 and 287; Roy Lisker, “The Antiwar Movement in New York City 1965-67”, Ferment Magazine, http://www.fermentmagazine.org/Bio/newleft1.html, (September 6, 2004), update of article originally published in Les Tempes Modernes, September 1968; House Committee on Internal Security, Subversive Involvement in the Origin, Leadership, and Activities of the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and its Predecessor Organizations; Poole. On the War Resisters League, see “War Resisters’ International”, War Resisters International, < a href=”http://www.wri-irg.org/wrihist.htm”>http://www.wri-irg.org/wrihist.htm (September 7, 2004); “About WRL: History”, War Resisters League, http://www.warresisters.org/about_wrl.htm#hist (September 7, 2004); "War Resisters League: Records, 1923-date", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG026-050/DG040WRL.html (September 5, 2004); Sanderson Beck, “Women for Peace”, Literary Works of Sanderson Beck, http://www.san.beck.org/GPJ28-WomenforPeace.html (September 5, 2004); "Jessie Wallace Hugham", Woman a Week Archives, http://www.awomanaweek.com/hughan.html (September 5, 2004); "Tracy D. Mygatt & Frances Witherspoon Papers, 1835, 1850, 1909-1973", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG051-099/DG089MygWith.html (September 5, 2004); "A.J. Muste: Papers,1920-1967", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG026-050/dg050muste.htm (September 7, 2004); “Protests of A.J. Muste”, Literary Works of Sanderson Beck, http://www.san.beck.org/WP25-Muste.html (September 7, 2004); FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) Records: War Resisters League, 1939-1962, online guide at Marquette University, http://www.marquette.edu/library/collections/archives/Mss/FBI/mss-fbi-s-9.html; Entry for “War Resisters League (WRL)” in ”Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive; “Abraham Johannes Muste”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/muste.htm (September 5, 2004). On the Fellowship of Reconciliation, see “History and Supporters”, Fellowship of Reconciliation, http://www.forusa.org/about/history.html (September 4, 2004); "Fellowship of Reconciliation [Great Britain]: Records, 1915-current", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/CDGB/forgreatbritain.htm (September 5, 2004); "Fellowship of Reconciliation: Records, 1915-date", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG001-025/DG013/dg13fortablofcont.htm (September 5, 2004); "A.J. Muste: Papers,1920-1967"; “A.J. Muste: Biographical Background”, A.J. Muste Memorial Institute, http://www.ajmuste.org/ajmbio.htm (September 7, 2004); Steve Lieberman “FOR Obtains Its FBI Files”,The Journal News, http://www.thejournalnews.com/newsroom/083004/b01p30forfbi.html, August 30, 2004, cached at http://64.233.179.104/search?q=cache:ZScN0Y0tED4J:www.thejournalnews.com/newsroom/083004/b01p30forfbi.html+FOR+obtains+its+FBI+files&hl=en (September 18, 2004); “Fellowship of Reconciliation”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/for.htm (September 5, 2004); “Abraham Johannes Muste”; Entry for “Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)” in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive. On the Committee for Nonviolent Action, see "Committee for Nonviolent Action Records, 1957-, (Bulk 1957-1968)", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG001-025/DG017CNVA.html (September 7, 2004); Allen Smith, “The Renewal Movement: The Peace Testimony and Modern Quakerism”, Quaker History Volume 85, Number 2, Fall 1996, online at The Religious Society of Friends, http://www.quaker.org/renewal.html (September 7, 2004); "A.J. Muste: Papers,1920-1967"; A.J. Muste: Biographical Background”; “Protests of A.J. Muste”. On the Catholic Peace Fellowship, see “Introduction: History”, Catholic Peace Fellowship, http://www.catholicpeacefellowship.org/ (September 7, 2004).

⁴⁸Brecher.

⁴⁹Goldhaber; Nicosia, Home to War, 49; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 337; Gold; Komisar.

⁵⁰Cf. “Thrice Wounded”, March 1969, JohnKerry.com, http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/jkmilservice/Thrice_Wounded_Reassignment.pdf, (September 4, 2004); “Temporary Orders and Ranks”, JohnKerry.com, http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/jkmilservice/Temporary_Orders_and_Ranks.pdf, (September 4, 2004); Commander E.M. Salisbury to Lietutenant (junior grade) John Forbes Kerry, ”Release from Active Duty”, January 2, 1970, JohnKerry.com, http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/jkmilservice/Release_From_Active_Duty.pdf (September 4, 2004); Goldhaber.

⁵¹Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 339-342; Burnett; Grossman, interview; Pomper and Pomper; Gitell;“Drinan, Robert”, Current Biography; Nicosia, Home to War, 72; ”Nomination of Sam W. Brown, Jr.”, Congressional Record—Senate, 103rd Congress—2nd Session (1994), S-6313-S-6321, May 25, 1994, located online through Thomas: Legislative Information on the Internet, http://thomas.loc.gov (September 4, 2004). On Grossman’s ongoing relationship with Kerry, see “Campaign ‘82”, The Boston Globe, July 27, 1982, 1; Michael Kranish with Alex Beam, “Kerry War Letters Show His Conflicts”, The Boston Globe, July 25, 2004, A1, online at http://www.boston.com/news/politics/president/kerry/articles/2004/07/25/kerry_war_letters_show_his_conflicts/ (September 21, 2004).

⁵²For general biographical details on Drinan, see “Drinan, Robert”, Current Biography; “Drinan, Robert Frederick, 1920-“, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000499 (September 15, 2004); “Board of Directors: Robert F. Drinan”, Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/about/board.html (September 24, 2004).

⁵³John Kerry testimony in United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Legislative Proposals Relating to the War in Southeast Asia, Thursday, April 22, 1971: Hearings before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Ninety-Second Congress, First Session (April-May 1971), Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971, 179-210 online in html format at http://www.c-span.org/2004vote/jkerrytestimony.asp (August 29, 2004) and in pdf format at http://www.cwes01.com/13790/23910/ktpp179-210.pdf (August 29, 2004).

⁵⁴“Kerry, John Forbes”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1988.

⁵⁵Nicosia, Home to War, 95, 175, 198. On Lifton and Post-Vietnam Syndrome, cf. Robert Jay Lifton, Home from the War: Learning from Vietnam Veterans: With a new Preface and Epilogue on the Gulf War, Boston: Beacon Press, 1992 (1973, 1985); Nicosia, Home to War, 158-209.

⁵⁶“Kerry, Watergate: DNC Links Caused Break-In? 'Republican Paranoia Started Early,' Says '72 Democratic Youth Director Bob Weiner”.

⁵⁷Stephanie Hauser, “Remembering Watergate: BC alumnus and former law school dean started Nixon accusations in Senate 30 years ago“, The Heights, http://www.bcheights.com/news/2003/04/29/Features/Remembering.Watergate-427779.shtml, April 29, 2003 (September 5, 2004); Jerome Zeifman, “Impeachment and ‘Father Bob’”, Insight on the News, http://www.insightmag.com/news/1999/01/11/Commentary/Impeachment.And.father.Bob-211463.shtml, January 11, 1999 (September 5, 2004); Todd Kosmerick, “The Impeachment of Richard Nixon from the Eyes of Speaker Carl Albert”, The Carl Albert Congressional Research & Studies Center, http://www.ou.edu/special/albertctr/extensions/fall98/archives.html (September 4, 2004).

⁵⁸Julia Duin, “Kerry advisors tell hopeful to ‘keep cool’ on religion”, The Washington Times, http://www.washingtontimes.com/national/20040618-121914-6103r.htm, June 18, 2004 (June 18, 2004).

⁵⁹“Drinan, Robert”, Current Biography.

⁶⁰On Berrigan see “Berrigan, Daniel”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1970; Murray Polner and Jim O'Grady, Disarmed and Dangerous: The Radical Lives and Times of Daniel and Philip Berrigan, New York: Basic Books, 1997; “Introduction: History”, Catholic Peace Fellowship; FBI files, “Clergy and Laity Concerned About Vietnam”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/clviet.htm (September 5, 2004).

⁶¹Entry for ”Lawyers Committee on Nuclear Policy (LCNP)” in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive.

⁶²Report on the National Lawyers Guild: Legal Bulwark of the Communist Party, United States Congress House Report 3123, Washington: Committee on Un-American Activities, 1950; Entry for ”Lawyers Committee on Nuclear Policy (LCNP)” in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive; “National Lawyers Guild [NLG]: ‘Legal Bulwark of the Communist Party’”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/nlg.htm (September 5, 2004); “National Lawyers Guild & its Terrorist Network”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/nlgterr.htm (September 5, 2004); Jesse Rigsby, “NLG: The Legal Fifth Column”, FrontPageMagazine.com, April 25, 2003, http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=7494, (June 18, 2004).

⁶³Robert F. Drinan, “When Will the American Conscience Demand Justice for Vietnam?”, modelminority, http://modelminority.com/article703.html, March 17, 2000 (June 18, 2004).

⁶⁴On the Fellowship of Reconciliation, see Note 47.

⁶⁵Entry for “Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)” in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive.

⁶⁶Sandy Cohen, untitled article, The Tech, Volume 90, Number 14, March 27, 1970, reprinted online at http://kurzweil.mit.edu/archives/VOL_090/TECH_V090_S0120_P001.txt (June 18, 2004).

⁶⁷House Committee on Internal Security, Subversive Involvement in the Origin, Leadership, and Activities of the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and its Predecessor Organizations.

⁶⁸“Drinan, Robert”, Current Biography.

⁶⁹“Ramsey Clark: Biodata”, International Progress Organization, http://i-p-o.org/Clark.htm (October 3, 2004); Josh Saunders, ”Ramsey Clark’s Prosecution Complex”, Legal Affairs, http://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/November-December-2003/feature_saunders_novdec03.html, November-December 2003 (September 16, 2004); Nicosia, Home to War, 106; Theoharis and Cox, 480-483; Search and Destroy: A Report by the Commission of Inquiry into the Black Panthers and the Police, edited by Roy Wilkins and Ramsey Clark, Chairmen, New York: Metropolitan Applied Research Centre, Inc., 1973; “Fred Hampton”, Spartacus Educational, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAhamptonF.htm (September 16, 2004); Cliff Kincaid, “Ramsey Clark Endorses John Kerry”, Accuracy In Media, http://www.aim.org/publications/weekly_column/2004/03/01.html, March 1, 2004 (September 16, 2004). On the National Peace Action Coalition, see “National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam”, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG051-099/dg075nmc.htm (September 16, 2004); House Committee on Internal Security, Subversive Involvement in the Origin, Leadership, and Activities of the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and its Predecessor Organizations; “Appendix: Student Mobilization Committee”. On the Committee for Public Justice, see “Harrisburg [PA] Defense Committee: Records, 1970-1973”, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/CDGA.A-L/harrisburgdefensecomm.htm (September 16, 2004); Roger W. Wilkins, “Committee for Public Justice”, The New York Review of Books, Volume 16, Number 1, January 28, 1971, reprinted online at http://www.nybooks.com/articles/10692 (September 16, 2004); FBI files, “Committee for Public Justice”, finding aid at Marquette University Libraries: Department of Special Collections and University Archives: FBI Investigation and Surveillance Records: Scope and Content Note: Series 19: Committee for Public Justice, 1971-1972, 1977, http://www.marquette.edu/library/collections/archives/Mss/FBI/mss-FBI-sc.html (September 16, 2004); W. Raymond Wannall, “Undermining Counterintelligence Capability”, CI Centre, http://www.cicentre.com/Documents/DOC_Wannall_Undermining_Intel.htm (September 16, 2004).

⁷⁰Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 339.

⁷¹Grossman, interview; Johnson, interview; Gregory, interview; Cram, interview; Nicosia, Home to War, 72; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 340-343.

⁷²Grossman, interview; Johnson, interview; Gregory, interview; Cram, interview; Nicosia, Home to War, 72.

⁷³Nicosia, Home to War, 72-73. For more on Operation RAW, see FBI files, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 65-172 (September 4, 2004); “Documents, Film Clips, Audio and Cartoons”, www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=Documents, (June 18, 2004); Richard Stacewicz, Winter Soldiers: An Oral History of the Vietnam Veterans Against the War, New York: Twayne Publishers, 1997, 229-231; Nicosia, Home to War, 56-73; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 343-345.

⁷⁴On the Winter Soldier Investigation, see Vietnam Veterans Against the War, The Winter Soldier Investigation: An Inquiry into American War Crimes, Boston: Beacon Press, 1972; “Winter Soldier Investigation”, The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Winter_Soldier/WS_entry.html (September 6, 2004); William F. Crandell, “What Did American Learn from the Winter Soldier Investigation?”, Viet Nam Generation 5:1-4, March 1994, reprinted online at The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Texts/Narrative/Crandell_Winter.html (September 6, 2004); FBI files, FBI HQ 100-448092, Sections 1 and 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 173-176, 196-198, 224 and Section 2, 2-69 (September 4, 2004); Stacewicz, 233-241; Nicosia, Home to War, 73-97; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 346-357.

⁷⁵Nicosia, Home to War, 98-99.

⁷⁶For details on Dewey Canyon III and Kerry’s Senate testimony see John Kerry testimony in United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Legislative Proposals Relating to the War in Southeast Asia, Thursday, April 22, 1971: Hearings before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Ninety-Second Congress, First Session (April-May 1971) (audio and video clips online at www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=Documents (September 6, 2004)); John Kerry and Vietnam Veterans Against the War, The New Soldier, edited by David Thorne and George Butler, New York: Macmillan, 1971 (text online at Gorio’s World, http://fp3.antelecom.net/gorio/ns/New%20Soldier%20Compleat.pdf (pdf file) (September 6, 2004); partial text with pictures at “The New Soldier: John Kerry and the VVAW”, wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=NewSoldier (September 6, 2004)); FBI files, FBI HQ 100-448092, Sections 2, and 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf files HQ 100-448092 Sections 2 and 4 (September 4, 2004); Stacewicz, 241-251; Nicosia, Home to War, 98-157; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 357-377.

⁷⁷Letterhead Memorandum, Kansas City, Missouri FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Steering Committee Meeting: Kansas City, Missouri: November 12, 13, 14, 1971”.

⁷⁸ See archive at “Documents, Film Clips, Audio and Cartoons: So when did John Kerry leave the VVAW, anyway?”, www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=Documents, (June 18, 2004); “Kerry, Watergate: DNC Links Caused Break-In? 'Republican Paranoia Started Early,' Says '72 Democratic Youth Director Bob Weiner”; O’Neill and Corsi, 130-135, 140-143, 158-161; ”John Kerry Watching Nixon on Television”, Corbis, http://pro.corbis.com/popup/Enlargement.aspx?mediauids={3c773ac0-b0fd-4be4-9175-ff228fd5544c}|{ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff}&qsPageNo=1&fdid=&Area=Search&TotalCount=60&CurrentPos=13&WinID={3c773ac0-b0fd-4be4-9175-ff228fd5544c} (June 18, 2004); “Photo Gallery: John F. Kerry: Candidate in the Making: Part 3: John Kerry watches President Richard Nixon announce the cease-fire in Vietnam on January 24, 1973.”, Boston.com, http://www.boston.com/globe/nation/packages/kerry/images/day3/05.htm (June 18, 2004).

⁷⁹FBI files, FBI HQ 100-448092, Sections 11-31, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Sections 10-31 (September 4, 2004); Stacewicz, 252-387; Nicosia, Home to War, 210-282.

⁸⁰See Note 47.

⁸¹"Guide to the American Veterans for Peace Records, 1945-1957 (Bulk 1951-1955)", The Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, http://dlib.nyu.edu:8083/tamwagead/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=avp.xml&style=saxon01t2002.xsl (September 6, 2004); "Vet's Voice for Peace" collection in "UAW Veterans’ Department Collection", Walter P. Reuther Library of Labor and Urban Affairs, http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/collections/hefa_293-uaw.htm (September 6, 2004); "Paul Green: Dramatist, Teacher, Humanist, 1894-1981", ibiblio, http://www.ibiblio.org/paulgreen/index.html (September 6, 2004); "Paul Green Papers Inventory (#3693)", Manuscripts Department, Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/htm/03693.html (September 6, 2004); Paul P. Reuben, "Chapter 8: American Drama—Paul Eliot Green (1894-1981)", PAL: Perspectives in American Literature A Research and Reference Guide--An Ongoing Project , http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:bQ_44_YtJS8J:www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap8/green.html+paul+green&hl=en (September 6, 2004).

⁸²Stacewicz, 192-197; Nicosia, Home to War, 15-18.

⁸³Stacewicz, 197-204, 233; Nicosia, Home to War, 18-36, 37-38; FBI files, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 1-60 (September 4, 2004). On Negotiation Now! see Wells, The War Within: America’s Battle Over Vietnam, 135-137; “Vietnam War”, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Papers Project: Encyclopedia, http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/about_king/encyclopedia/vietnam.htm (September 9, 2004). On CALCAV/CALC, see FBI files, “Clergy and Laity Concerned About Vietnam”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/clviet.htm (September 9, 2004); entry for “Clergy and Laity Concerned (CALC)”, in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive. On Ball, see George W. Ball, The Past Has Another Pattern: Memoirs, New York: Norton, 1982; David L. DiLeo, George Ball, Vietnam, and the Rethinking of Containment, foreword by Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1991; James A. Bill, George Ball: Behind the Scenes in U.S. Foreign Policy, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1997; H.R. McMaster, Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson, Robert McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Lies That Led to Vietnam, New York: HarperCollins, 1997, 122, 166-167, 171, 206, 239-240, 280, 300-303; Isaacson and Thomas, 637-639, 647-649, 680, 700, 711. On Lowenstein, see “Lowenstein, Allard Kenneth, 1929-1980”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000477 (September 9, 2004);“Lowenstein, Allard K.”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1971. On Gruening, see “Gruening, Ernest, 1887-1974”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000508 (September 9, 2004). On Fulbright, see “Fulbright, J. William”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1955; “Fulbright, James William, 1905-1955”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000401 (September 9, 2004); J. William Fulbright, The Arrogance of Power, New York: Random House, 1966; Randall Bennett Woods, Fulbright: A Biography, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995; Theoharis and Cox, 447-448; Powell, 13; Stacewicz, 204, 233. On McCarthy, see “McCarthy, Eugene Joseph, 1916-”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000311 (September 9, 2004); Dominic Sandbrook, Eugene McCarthy: The Rise and Fall of Postwar American Liberalism, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004, 117-224. On Kennedy, see “Kennedy, Robert Francis, 1925-1968”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000114 (September 9, 2004).

⁸⁴FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, 1-60; Report, FBI, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Incorporated”, October 12, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 7, 82-117 (esp. 96-97) (September 4, 2004). On the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, see Corliss Lamont, Yes to Life: Memoirs of Corliss Lamont, New York: Horizon Press, 1981; Corliss Lamont Website, http://www.corliss-lamont.org/The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive.

⁸⁵Stacewicz, 205; Nicosia, Home to War, 36, 41, 45, 49-50; Letterhead Memorandum, FBI, “GIs and Vietnam Veterans Against the War: Information Concerning”, November 11, 1968, FBI HQ 100-451697, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-451697 Section 01, 3-8 (September 15, 2004); Report, Los Angeles FBI, “COMINFIL, GIs and Vietnam Veterans Against the War, formerly known as Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, February 18, 1969, FBI HQ 100-451697, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-451697 Section 01, 38-39 (September 15, 2004).

⁸⁶Nicosia, Home to War, 41-49.

⁸⁷On Schnall, see excerpt from Howard Zinn, “The Impossible Victory: Vietnam”, A People’s History of the United States, New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1980, reprinted online at Third World Traveler, http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Zinn/Vietnam_PeoplesHx.html (September 9, 2004).

⁸⁸On the Presidio 27 Mutiny, see Randy Rowland, “The Presidio Mutiny”, Vietnam Veterans Against the War Anti-Imperialist, from StormWarning! 31, Spring 1995, online at http://www.oz.net/~vvawai/sw/sw31/pgs_35-44/presidio_mutiny.html (September 9, 2004); Brandt Zembsch, “Hallinan Has Made a Career of Law and Disorder”, ChronWatch, March 4, 2003 (September 9, 2004). On Terence Hallinan and the Hallinan family, cf. “Terence Hallinan”, Juvenile Justice Bulletin, May 2000, online at Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, http://www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/2000_5_1/pag5.html (September 9, 2004); California Legislature, Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities, 1965, online at Online Archive of California, http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt4w1003q8/ (September 9, 2004)/

⁸⁹On Priest, see letter from Cora Weiss, David Dellinger, Douglas Dowd, Sidney Lens, Sidney Peck, and Stewart Meacham to the editors, “New Mobilization”, The New York Review of Books, Volume 13, Number 8, November 6, 1969 (September 9, 2004); Malcolm Kovacs, “Seaman Roger Priest vs. the Navy”, Progressive Review, April 1970, 8; Col Robert D. Heinl, Jr., “The Collapse of the Armed Forces”, Armed Forces Journal, June 7, 1971, updated version online at Grover Furr’s Vietnam War Page, http://www.chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/Vietnam/heinl.html (September 9, 2004); Nicosia, Home to War, 42-43, 48. On the Stern Family Fund, see “Stern Family Fund”, ActivistCash.com, http://www.activistcash.com/foundation.cfm/did/486 (September 9, 2004); Vincent Stehle, “Considering the Question of Perpetuity”, excerpt from Investment Issues for Family Funds: Managing and Maximizing Your Philanthropic Dollars, Chapter 1, reprinted online at National Center for Family Philanthropy, http://www.ncfp.org/publications-excerpt-investments.html (September 9, 2004); Don Hazen, “David Hunter, Philanthropic Pioneer, Dies at 84”, AlterNet, http://www.alternet.org/story/10142/, November 28, 2000; Powell, 15-17, 29, 152, 230, 231, 236, 237, 241-242, 368. On the Institute for Policy Studies, see The Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.ips-dc.org/overview.htm (September 9, 2004); Powell; Entry for ”Institute for Policy Studies (IPS)” in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive; Entries for “Institute for Policy Studies: Marxist Think Tank” and “The IPS Fellows” at Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/bioleft.htm (September 9, 2004).

⁹⁰On O’Dwyer, see ”In Honor of Paul O’Dwyer”, Congressional Record—Senate, 105th Congress—2nd Session (1998), S-7608, July 7, 1998, located online through Thomas: Legislative Information on the Internet, http://thomas.loc.gov (September 9, 2004); Letter from Cora Weiss, David Dellinger, Donald Kalish, Douglas Dowd, Sidney Lens, Sidney Peck, Stewart Meacham, and Terry Hallinan to the editors, “November Mobilization”, The New York Review of Books, Volume 13, Number 9, November 20, 1969, reprinted online at http://www.nybooks.com/articles/11139 (September 9, 2004); John Herbers, “250,000 War Protestors Stage Peaceful Rally in Washington; Militants Stir Clashes Later”, The New York Times, November 25, 1969, reprinted online at CINEMOD: Experimental Films of Dominic Angerame, http://www.cinemod.net/docs/60sarticle.html (September 9, 2004).

⁹¹Stacewicz, 205-211; Nicosia, Home to War, 43-49.

⁹²See Note 45.

⁹³Nicosia, Home to War, 49.

⁹⁴Stacewicz, 205-212; Nicosia, Home to War, 49-55.

⁹⁵Nicosia, Home to War, 51, 128; Marc Morano, “Kerry-linked Anti-War Group Can’t Bury Deceit”, CNSNews.com, http://www.cnsnews.com/Politics/Archive/200403/POL20040303a.html, March 3, 2004 (September 9, 2004).

⁹⁶Nicosia, Home to War, 50-55, 59-60.

⁹⁷”Black Panther Party”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panther_Party (September 15, 2004); ”Black Panthers”, Spartacus Educational, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USApantherB.htm (September 15, 2004); Huey P. Newton, The Huey P. Newton Reader, with foreword by Fredrika Newton and introduction by David Hilliard, edited by David Hilliard and Donald Weise, New York: Seven Stories Press, 2002; Bobby Seale, A Lonely Rage: The Autobiography of Bobby Seale, New York: Times Books, 1978; Eldridge Cleaver, Soul on Ice, with introduction by Maxwell Geismar, New York: Dell, 1968; Philip S. Foner, The Black Panthers Speak, with new foreword by Clayborne Carson, New York: Da Capo Press, 1995 (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1970); Huey P. Newton, et al, The Black Panther Leaders Speak: Huey P. Newton, Bobby Seale, Eldridge Cleaver and Company Speak Out through the Black Panther Party’s Official Newspaper, Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1976; ”Black Panther Newspaper Collection: Maoist International Movement”, Maoist International Movement (MIM), http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/bpp/index.html (September 9, 2004); “Interview with Huey P. Newton (1968)”, The Movement, August 1968, reprinted online at Hippyland, http://www.hippy.com/php/article.php?sid=76 (September 14, 2004); “History of the Black Panther Party”, The Black Panther Party Research Project, http://www.stanford.edu/group/blackpanthers/history.shtml (September 17, 2004); FBI files, “Black Panther Party”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/bpanther.htm (September 9, 2004); Powell, 29-30; John Elvin, “Hillary Hides Her Panther Fling”, Insight on the News, http://www.insightmag.com/news/2000/07/31/InvestigativeReport/Hillary.Hides.Her.Panther.Fling-210660.shtml (September 18, 2004).

⁹⁸”Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee (September 15, 2004); ”Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee”, Spartacus Educational, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAsncc.htm (September 15, 2004); Jonathan I.Z. Agronsky, Marion Barry: The Politics of Race, Latham, New York: British American Publishing, 1991; Julian Bond, “SNCC: What We Did—Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee”, Monthly Review, October 2000, online at LookSmart, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_5_52/ai_66937932 (September 15, 2004); John Lewis with Michael D’Orso, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998; Howard Zinn, SNCC: The New Abolitionists, Boston: Beacon Press, 1965; John Lewis, “My Biography”, Congressman John Lewis: Georgia’s 5th Congressional District, http://www.house.gov/johnlewis/bio.html (September 15, 2004); SNCC 1960-1966: Six years of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, http://www.ibiblio.org/sncc/ (September 15, 2004); Stokely Carmichael, Ready for Revolution: The Life and Struggles of Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture), with Ekwueme Michael Thelwell, New York: Scribner, 2003; “Kwame Ture: His Last Words! Organize! Organize!”, Kwame Ture (formerly known as Stokely Carmichael, http://www.kwameture.com/ (September 15, 2004); Elizabeth Martinez, “The Venceremos Brigade Still Means, ‘We Shall Overcome’: After 30 years of constant activism, the Venceremos Brigade continues to be a unique pillar of the U.S. left”, Z Magazine, http://www.zmag.org/zmag/articles/Martinez2.htm (September 15, 2004); “Sixties Project: Primary Document Archive: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)”, The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary.html (September 15, 2004); Robin D.G. Kelley, Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists during the Great Depression, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1990, 229-230; FBI files, “Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/sncc.htm (September 9, 2004); Powell, 29-30.

⁹⁹Gitlin, 280-281, 348-352, 377-408; “Sixties Project: Primary Document Archive: Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)”, The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary.html (September 15, 2004); ”SDS”, Maoist International Movement (MIM), http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/sds/index.html (September 9, 2004); Alan Adelson, SDS, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1972; “Who we are and what we do”, Venceremos Brigade, http://www.venceremosbrigade.org/aboutVB.htm (September 15, 2004); Martinez; FBI files, “Weather Underground Organization (WUO)”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/weather.htm (September 9, 2004); “National Lawyers Guild & its Terrorist Network”; Juan F. Benemelis, Las guerras secretas de Fidel Castro, Grupo de Apoyo a la Democracia, Capitulo 12, “Los Macheteros de Puerto Rico”, online at Grupo de Apoyo a la Democracia, http://www.gadcuba.org/Guerras%20Secretas/Index.htm, translation at http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.gadcuba.org/Guerras%2520Secretas/Los%2520Macheteros%2520de%2520Puero%2520Rico.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3Djulie%2Bnichamin%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8 (September 15, 2004).

¹⁰⁰Stacewicz, 265-266; Nicosia, Home to War, 53-54; 67; 150-152; Memo from New York SAC to FBI Director, “Proposed Peace March from Morristown, New Jersey to Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, September 4-7, 1970, Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, August 20, 1970, 3, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 92 (September 4, 2004).

[dirtboy]

ping

[sauropod]

Bookmarked. Links to 1 and 2 please?

[EagleUSA]

Is there any doubt that Kerry is guilty of treason???

He should be tried under the UCMJ for his treason while still in uniform on active duty.

I guess in this country nowadays, your accountability to the law is inversely proportional to your wealth and status. How much "justice" can you afford???

[stockpirate]

I saw the headline and was getting ready to ping you...lol...

Looks like you out did yourself this time.


Thanks

[stockpirate]

PING

[stockpirate]

Links to 1 and 2 are in the introduction.

[mickie]

Bump for later read.....

[Fedora]

¹⁰⁰Stacewicz, 265-266; Nicosia, Home to War, 53-54; 67; 150-152; Memo from New York SAC to FBI Director, “Proposed Peace March from Morristown, New Jersey to Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, September 4-7, 1970, Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, August 20, 1970, 3, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 92 (September 4, 2004).

¹⁰¹Nicosia, Home to War, 36-39, 49.

¹⁰²Stacewicz, 205; Komisar.

¹⁰³ Stacewicz, 205; Nicosia, Home to War, 49.

¹⁰⁴Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 337; Gold; Komisar.

¹⁰⁵Nicosia, Home to War, 49. Cf. Stacewicz, 310-311.

¹⁰⁶“Abzug, Bella Savitzky, 1920-1988”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, bioguide.congress.gov/ scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000018, cached at http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:RhEWmlUMR9gJ:bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DA000018+congressional+biography+bella+abzug&hl=en (September 9, 2004); “Bella Abzug Papers, 1970-1976”, Columbia University in the City of New York, http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/indiv/rare/guides/Abzug/index.html (September 15, 2004); “Women Strike for Peace: Records, 1961-date (bulk, 1962-1973)”, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG100-150/DG115/DG115WSP.html (September 6, 2004); Amy Swerdlow and Catharine R. Stimpson, Women Strike for Peace: Traditional Motherhood and the Radical Politics of the 1960s, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993; “Appendix: Communist Infiltration of the Women Strike for Peace, Also Known As Women’s International Strike for Peace”, attached to Memo, Los Angeles SAC to FBI Director, “COMINFIL, GIs and Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, April 2, 1969, FBI HQ 100-451697, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-451697 Section 01, 125-140 (September 15, 2004); Poole; Powell, 31-32, 40; Entry for “Women Strike for Peace (WSP)” in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive.

¹⁰⁷Nicosia, “Veteran in Conflict”; Komisar.

¹⁰⁸Nicosia, Home to War, 71-72, 99; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 342-343; Grossman, interview; Johnson, interview; Gregory, interview; Cram, interview.

¹⁰⁹See Note 11.

¹¹⁰Stacewicz, 229-233; Nicosia, Home to War, 56-63.

[Fedora]

¹¹¹Alan Ryan, Bertrand Russell: A Political Life, New York: Hill and Wang, 1988; ”The Pacifism of Bertrand Russell”, Literary Works of Sanderson Beck, http://www.san.beck.org/WP24-Russell.html (September 16, 2004); Prevent the Crime of Silence: Reports from the Sessions of the International War Crimes Tribunal Founded by Bertrand Russell, selected and edited by Peter Limqueco and Peter Weiss with additional material selected and edited by Ken Coates and a Foreword by Noam Chomsky, London: Penguin Press, 1971, online at FrontPage – 9/11 Review, http://www.911review.org/Wget/www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/littleton/v1tribun.htm (September 16, 2004); Todd Ensign, “Organizing Veterans Through War Crimes Documentation”, Viet Nam Generation 5:1-4, March 1994, reprinted online at The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Texts/Narrative/Ensign_War_Crimes.html (September 16, 2004).

¹¹²Bernard Henri Levy and Andrew Brown, Sartre: The Philosopher of the Twentieth Century, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003; ”Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)”, Sartre Online, http://www.geocities.com/sartresite/sartre_biography.html (September 16, 2004); Routing slip, J. Edgar Hoover to Clyde Tolson, Alan Belmont, Cartha DeLoach, Alex Rosen, William Sullivan, and W.S. Tavel, appended to Washington Post article, FBI 105-82555-4116, cited in Theoharis and Cox, 40, 502n4. On the World Peace Council, see Note 45.

¹¹³”Biographical Entries”, chomsky.info: The Official Noam Chomsky Website, http://www.chomsky.info/bios.htm (September 16, 2004); Harvey Baker, “Chomsky: A Journey to North Vietnam”, The Tech, Volume 90, Number 23, May 1970, cached at http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:ABEy9123wt8J:kurzweil.mit.edu/archives/VOL_090/TECH_V090_S0198_P001.txt+noam+chomsky+douglas+dowd+hanoi&hl=en (September 16, 2004); Noam Chomsky, “A Special Supplement: In North Vietnam”, The New York Review of Books, August 13, 1970, reprinted online at http://www.nybooks.com/articles/10869 (September 16, 2004).

¹¹⁴See Notes 97 and 98.

¹¹⁵See “Carl Oglesby’s Speech”, Rebels with a Cause, http://www.sdsrebels.com/oglesby.htm (September 17, 2004); Gitlin, 258-259.

¹¹⁶On Peter Weiss, see Report, FBI, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Incorporated”, October 12, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 7, 82-117 (September 4, 2004); “Building the Enemies of America: Council on Economic Priorities” at Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/cep.htm (September 9, 2004); Entry for ”Institute for Policy Studies” in Ron Arnold, Undue Influence: Wealthy Foundations, Grant Driven Environmental Groups and Zealous Bureaucrats That Control Your Future, Bellevue, Washington: Free Enterprise Press, 1999, online at http://www.undueinfluence.com/ips.htm (September 16, 2004); Powell, 11, 16. On the National Lawyers Guild, see Note 62. On the Institute for Policy Studies, see The Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.ips-dc.org/overview.htm (September 9, 2004); Powell; Entry for ”Institute for Policy Studies (IPS)” in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive; Entries for “Institute for Policy Studies: Marxist Think Tank” and “The IPS Fellows” at Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/bioleft.htm (September 9, 2004); Entry for ”Institute for Policy Studies” in Arnold. On Cora Weiss and the Committee of Liaison with Families of Servicemen Detained in North Vietnam, see FBI files, “American POWs/MIAs in Southeast Asia”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/powsmias.htm (September 21, 2004); United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, Report of the Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993, SSC Report Section XXII: Accounting for Missing Servicemen, online at http://www.aiipowmia.com/ssc/ssc22.html (September 21, 2004); Powell, 38-39, 42.

[AZamericonnie]

Bookmared for later read. Looks like you have been very busy!

[Tailgunner Joe]

bttt

[Fedora]

¹¹⁷David Bradbury (director), Public Enemy Number One, 1986, available at Ronin Films, http://www.roninfilms.com.au/video/1920937/0/1832276 (September 16, 2004); ”Wilfred Burchett”, Australian War Memorial, http://www.awm.gov.au/korea/faces/burchett/burchett.htm (September 16, 2004); John Rees, “K.G.B. Agent Wilfred Burchett Tours U.S. Campuses”, The Review of the News, November 2, 1977, reprinted online at The John Birch Society, http://www.jbs.org/visitor/focus/vietnam/below/burchett1.htm (September 16, 2004); Powell, 35-36, 115-117.

¹¹⁸Powell, 37-38.

[luvbach1]

OK, I'm convinced. And my compliments on posting an impressive compendium of relevant and damning information. My task: how to persuade Kerry voters that it should disqualify their candidate. Even if they understood the import of that information, I don't think a typical Kerryite would care.

[stockpirate]

FBI Documents indicate that while John Kerry was with the VVAW, VVAW leaders met with KGB agents in the US. “VVAW collusion with foreign spies? “The Diplomatic List published by U.S. Department of State, in 1971 listed Grigoriy Sergeyvich Milhaylovskiy as an assistant Military Attache, Embassy of the U.S.S.R., Washington, D.C.”

[Fedora]

¹¹⁹Seymour M. Hersh, Cover-Up: The Army’s Secret Investigation of the Massacre at My Lai 4, New York: Random House, 1972, 273-274; Ensign; Stacewicz, 233-235; Nicosia, Home to War, 50, 58, 62-63, 73-74.

¹²⁰Stacewicz, 235; Nicosia, Home to War, 40, 50, 58-59, 62-63, 73-78. On Chomsky, see Note 113. On Fernandez and Clergy and Laity Concerned, see Note 60 and Baker. On Lifton and Falk, see Lifton, xxvii, 17, 459n1; Crimes of War, editors Richard Falk, et al, New York: Random House, 1971; Nicosia, Home to War, 82; “Richard Falk”, TFF: The Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research, http://www.transnational.org/tff/people/r_falk.html (September 17, 2004); “Senior Scholars”, The Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.ips-dc.org/projects/senior.htm (September 17, 2004); Richard A. Falk, A Vietnam Settlement: The View from Hanoi, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Center of International Studies, 1968; Powell, 42, 47-53; Tom Wells, Wild Man: The Life and Times of Daniel Ellsberg, 127, 339-340, 403. On Goodell, see “Goodell, Charles Ellsworth, 1926-1987“, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000282 (September 17, 2004); Abraham Heschel, etc., “Senator Goodell”, The New York Review of Books, Volume 15, Number 7, October 22, 1970, reprinted online at http://www.nybooks.com/articles/10787 (September 17, 2004); “Charles E. Goodell: Chairman, Presidential Clemency Board; Washington attorney and lobbyist: Papers, 1973&#8209;77”, Gerald R. Ford Library and Museum, http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/guides/Finding%20Aids/Goodell,%20Charles%20-%20Papers.htm (September 17, 2004).

¹²¹Ensign; Nicosia, Home to War, 76-79.

¹²²Fred Lawrence Guiles, Jane Fonda: The Actress in Her Time, Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1982; “Jane Fonda Chrono”, Woodstock Journal, http://www.woodstockjournal.com/pdf/jane-fonda2.pdf (September 17, 2004); ”Biography of Jane Fonda”, BookRags.com, http://www.bookrags.com/biography/jane-fonda/ (September 17, 2004); “Fonda, Jane”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1986; ”Jane Fonda”, MSN Encarta, http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761558412/Jane_Fonda.html (September 17, 2004); William B. Guidry, “Radical Leaders, Tom Hayden and Hanoi Jane”, American Opinion, June 1979, reprinted online at The John Birch Society, http://www.jbs.org/visitor/focus/vietnam/below/hanoi_jane.htm (September 17, 2004); Peter Collier, “The Bane that is Jane: Miss Fonda in Her Own Mind”, National Review, July 17, 2000, reprinted at LookSmart,http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_13_52/ai_63173676 (September 17, 2004); Henry Mark Holzer and Erika Holzer, Aid and Comfort: Jane Fonda in North Vietnam, foreword by Col. George “Bud” Day, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2002; “’Hanoi Jane’ Partners with MoveOn.org”, NewsMax.com, http://newsmax.com/archives/ic/2004/9/25/201340.shtml, September 25, 2004 (September 25, 2004).

¹²³”Mark Lane”, Contemporary Authors Online, Farmington Hills, Michigan: The Gale Group, 2004, online at Biography Resource Center, http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC (September 17, 2004); ”Mark Lane”, We the People, http://www.givemeliberty.org/RTPLawsuit/LaneCV.htm (September 17, 2004); ”Mark Lane”, Spartacus Educational, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKlaneM.htm (September 17, 2004); Mark Lane, “Oswald Innocent? A Lawyer’s Brief”, National Guardian, December 1963, reprinted online at The Academic JFK Assassination Web Site, http://karws.gso.uri.edu/JFK/The_critics/Lane/Natl-Guardian/Natl_Guardian.html (September 17, 2004); Mark Lane, Rush to Judgement: A Critique of the Warren Commission’s Inquiry into the Murders of President John F. Kennedy, Officer J.D. Tippit and Lee Harvey Oswald, with introduction by Hugh Trevor-Roper, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1966, 9; Mark Lane, A Citizen’s Dissent: Mark Lane Replies, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1968, 38-39 (cf. Bertrand Russell, “Sixteen Questions on the Assassination”, The Minority of One, September 6, 1964, 6-8, reprinted online at The Academic JFK Assassination Web Site, http://karws.gso.uri.edu/JFK/the_critics/russell/Sixteen_questions_Russell.html (September 17, 2004); Bob Callahan, Who Shot JFK? A Guide to the Major Conspiracy Theories, illustrated by Mark Zingarelli, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993, 46-48); Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB, New York: Basic Books, 1999, 227-230 (note the KGB’s attempt to blame the assassination on Howard Hunt; cf. Mark Lane, Plausible Denial: Was the CIA Involved in the Assassination of JFK?, New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1992 (1991)); Butte, Montana FBI office to FBI Acting Director and San Francisco, California FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), National Steering Committee, Palo Alto, California, September Two Nine Next to October Two Next”, September 1, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 31, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 31, 196-198 (September 21, 2004).

¹²⁴Guiles, 181.

¹²⁵Nicosia, Home to War, 62.

¹²⁶Ensign; Nicosia, Home to War, 78-79; Leaflet, Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Inc., October 19, 1970, attached to Letterhead Memorandum, New Haven, Connecticut FBI office, “Re: Vietnam Veterans Against the War in Vietnam (VVAW)”, March 11, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 2, 106-124 (September 21, 2004).

¹²⁷Memo, New York SAC to FBI Director, “Proposed Peace March from Morristown, New Jersey, September 4-7, 1970, Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, August 20, 1970, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 90-94 (September 18, 2004).

¹²⁸Nora Sayre, “The Revolutionary People’s Constitutional Convention: Black Panthers and White Radicals: September-November 1970”, Reporting Civil Rights: Part 2: American Journalism 1963-1973, New York: The Library of America, 2003; George Kastiaficas, “Organization and Movement: The Case of the Black Panther Party and the Revolutionary People’s Constituational Convention of 1970”, Eros Effect, http://www.eroseffect.com/articles/Rpcc.pdf (September 18, 2004); Memo, Charlotte SAC to FBI Director, “Rally in Support of the Black Panther Party: Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C., 6/19/70”, FBIHQ 105-165706-8, Section 6c, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/bpanther/bpanther6c.pdf, Section 6c, 11-12 (September 19, 2004).

¹²⁹Nicosia, Home to War, 67.

¹³⁰Memo, New York SAC to FBI Director, “Proposed Peace March from Morristown, New Jersey, September 4-7, 1970, Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, August 20, 1970, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 90-94 (September 18, 2004).

¹³¹”Youth International Party”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_International_Party (September 18, 2004); ”Abbie Hoffman”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman (September 18, 2004); ”Jerry Rubin”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rubin (September 18, 2004); Abbie Hoffman, Soon To Be a Major Motion Picture, with introduction by Norman Mailer, New York: Putnam, 1980, revised as Autobiography of Abbie Hoffman, with afterword by Howard Zinn, New York: Four Walls, Eight Windows, 2000; Marty Jezer, Abbie Hoffman: American Rebel, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1992; Stew Albert’s Yippie Reading Room, http://members.aol.com/stewa/stew.html (September 19, 2004); “Yippie!”, free.freespeech.org, http://free.freespeech.org/yippie/ (September 18, 2004); Gitlin, 230-238; “’The Chicago Seven’ Trial, 1969-1970”, Famous Trials, http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/chicago7.html (September 19, 2004); FBI files, “Abbie (Abbott) Hoffman”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/hoffsum.htm (September 18, 2004). On the Vietnam Day Committee, see Charles Wollenberg, Berkeley: A City in History, Berkeley, California: Berkeley Public Library, 2002, Chapter 9, online at http://berkeleypubliclibrary.org/system/Chapter9.html (September 18, 2004); Charles Perry, The Haight-Ashbury: A History, New York: Vintage Books, 1984 (NewYork: Random House, 1984), 25-28, 52, 63; Gitlin, 209-210; Gary Allen, “Vietnam Day: Berkeley’s Kooks, Communists, and Pro-Vietcong”, American Opinion, December 1965, reprinted online at The John Birch Society, http://www.jbs.org/visitor/focus/vietnam/below/berkeley_vietnam_day.htm (September 18, 2004); Powell, 29.

¹³²Letterhead Memorandum, New York, New York FBI office, “Proposed Peace March from Morristown, New Jersey, September 4-7, 1970, Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, September 1, 1970, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 109-110 (September 18, 2004).

¹³³Nicosia, Home to War, 95. On Gregory, cf. Dick Gregory Global Watch, http://www.dickgregory.com/ (September 22, 2004); ”Youth International Party”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_International_Party (September 18, 2004); “Hippy Timeline”, Hippyland, http://hippy.com/timeline.htm (September 19, 2004); Guiles, 193-194, 200; “Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)”, VVAW: Vietnam Veterans Against the War, http://www.vvaw.org/faq/ (September 19, 2004); Lifton, 341.

¹³⁴Cf. Johnson, interview, 12: "Dewey Canyon III––it was a “Yippie” [thing]. I don't know if you people remember what 'Yippies' were––'Youth International Party,' Jerry Ruben, Abby Hoffman. It was just theater, is what it was. We had less than a thousand vets on the Mall in Washington, D.C. and we closed the government down for a week. . .Then we came back to Boston, and we decided that we were going to do another event, another 'Yippie' event, and that turned out to be Operation POW. . ."

¹³⁵Scott Swett, “Yesterday’s Lies: Steve Pitkin and the Winter Soldiers”, www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/staticpages/index.php?page=YesterdaysLies1, September 15, 2004 (September 20, 2004); Nicosia, Home to War, 236-237, 240.

¹³⁶Stacewicz, 229-233; Nicosia, Home to War, 63-73; Flyer, Vietnam Veterans Against the War, “Operation RAW”, attached to Memo, Baltimore SAC to FBI Director, “Operation RAW—Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Grand Parade Grounds, Valley Forge State Park, Pennsylvania, 9/4/70-9/7/70”, August 25, 1970, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1 and Letterhead Memorandum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War: Operation RAW, September 4-7, 1970”, September 10, 1970, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 98-102, 167-169 (September 4, 2004).

¹³⁷See John Conyers, Jr., ”Tribute to the Trade Union Leadership Council”, Congressional Record—Senate,104th Congress—1st Session (1995), E2276, November 30, 1995, located online through Thomas: Legislative Information on the Internet, http://thomas.loc.gov (September 19, 2004); “Conyers, John”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1970; “Conyers, John, Jr., 1929-“, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000714 (September 19, 2004); “CBC History”, Congressional Black Caucus, http://www.house.gov/cummings/cbc/cbchistory.htm (September 19, 2004); Andrew and Mitrokhin, 290-291; Powell, 21-23, 76-78, 190-191, 248-250, 264-266, 271-272; ;”Cuba Solidarity Organizations”, AfroCubaWeb, http://www.afrocubaweb.com/solidarity.htm (September 19, 2004), Addison Ross, “Rep. John Conyers: patriot or something else?”, Brookes, http://www.brookesnews.com/031802conyers.html , February 18, 2003 (September 19, 2004).

¹³⁸See “McGovern, George S.”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1967; “McGovern, George Stanley, 1922-“, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, bioguide.congress.gov/ scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000452 (September 15, 2004); George S. McGovern, Grassroots: The Autobiography of George McGovern, New York: Random House, 1977; George McGovern, http://www.mcgovernlibrary.com/george.htm (September 18, 2004); J. Edgar Hoover, “McGovern, Senator George S.”, Official and Confidential (O&C) Files of J. Edgar Hoover, Folder 107; Theoharis and Cox, 478-479, 541n19; Powell, 41, 49, 250, 267-269, 395n64. On the Council for a Livable World, see Powell, 271-272.

¹³⁹Cf. “Trumbo, Dalton”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1976; “Dalton Trumbo”, Spartacus Educational, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAtrumbo.htm (September 18, 2004); Kenneth Lloyd Billingsley, Hollywood Party: How Communism Seduced the American Film Industry in the 1930s and 1940s, Rocklin, California: Prima Publishing, 1998; Francine Parker (director), F.T.A., 1972; John Patterson, “Boys from the blacklist: One of the banned Hollywood Ten, Dalton Trumbo still managed to direct an extraordinary film.”, Guardian Unlimited, http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,4120,1235582,00.html, June 11, 2004 (September 19, 2004).

¹⁴⁰On Lowenstein, see “Lowenstein, Allard Kenneth, 1929-1980”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000477 (September 9, 2004);“Lowenstein, Allard K.”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1971.

¹⁴¹See ”James Luther Bevel”, Religious Leaders of America, 2nd edition, Farmington Hills, Michigan: The Gale Group, 1999, online at Biography Resource Center, http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC (September 17, 2004); "National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam Records, 1966-1969". ¹⁴²Ensign; Crandell; Stacewicz, 236-237; Nicosia, Home to War, 78-82; Neil Sheehan, “Mark Lane: Smearing America’s Soldiers in Vietnam”, The New York Times Book Review, December 27, 1970, reprinted online at Kennedy Assassination Home Page, http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/smearing.htm (September 19, 2004); Andrew and Mitrokhin, 228. ¹⁴³For general descriptions of the WSI, see Vietnam Veterans Against the War, The Winter Soldier Investigation: An Inquiry into American War Crimes, Boston: Beacon Press, 1972 ; “Winter Soldier Investigation”, The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Winter_Soldier/WS_entry.html (September 6, 2004); Crandell; Stacewicz, 233-241; Nicosia, Home to War, 73, 80-81, 84-97; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 346-357; FBI files, FBI HQ 100-448092, Sections 1 and 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file FBI HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 173-176, 196-198, 224 and Section 2, 2-69 (September 4, 2004). ¹⁴⁴Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 349. On Berrigan, see Note 60. ¹⁴⁵On Mazey, see “Mazey, Emil”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1948. Cf. “Walter Reuther”, Spartacus Educational, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAreuther.htm (September 20, 2004); Victor G. Devinatz, “Nelson Lichtenstein and the Politics of Reuther Scholarship”, Labour/Le Travail, Number 51, Spring 2003, online at The History Cooperative, http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/llt/51/devinatz.html (September 20, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, Los Angeles FBI office, “Communist Infiltration of the National Farm Workers Assocation: Delano, California”, January 21, 1966, FBI HQ 100-444762, Part 1a, online at “Cesar Chavez and United Farm Workers”, Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/chavez.htm, pdf file Part 1a, 49-57 (September 20, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, Los Angeles FBI office, “Communist Infiltration of the National Farm Workers Assocation: Delano, California”, March 9, 1966, FBI HQ 100-444762, Part 1a, online at “Cesar Chavez and United Farm Workers”, Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/chavez.htm, pdf file Part 1a, 67-69 (September 20, 2004); Memo, C.D. DeLoach to Mr. Tolson, “[Line deleted] Schleney Industries, Inc.: Information Re Communism”, April 5, 1966, FBI HQ 100-444762, Part 1a, online at “Cesar Chavez and United Farm Workers”, Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/chavez.htm, pdf file Part 1a, 98-99 (September 20, 2004); B.J. Widdick, “Woodcock: A Voice, Not an Echo”, The Nation, Volume 214, Issue 20, May 15, 1972, online at The Nation Digital Archive, http://www.nationarchive.com/Summaries/v214i0020_05.htm (September 20, 2004). ¹⁴⁶On Austin, see ”Richard H. Austin, Hon.”, Who’s Who Among African Americans, 16th edition, Farmington Hills, Michigan: The Gale Group, 2003, online at Biography Resource Center, http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC (September 20, 2004). ¹⁴⁷On Business Executives Move for Vietnam Peace, see “Business Executives Move for Vietnam Peace, St. Louis Area Committee: Records, 1966-1974”, Western Historical Manuscript Collection: University of Missouri-St. Louis, http://www.umsl.edu/~whmc/guides/whm0441.htm (September 20, 2004); Entry for “Business Executives Move for New National Priorities (BEM)” in ”Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive. ¹⁴⁸On Crosby and Nash, see “Crosby, Stills & Nash (and Young)”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosby,_Stills,_Nash_&_Young (September 20, 2004); Dave Zimmer, Crosby, Stills & Nash: The Authorized Biography, photos by Henry Diltz , New York: Da Capo Press, 2000 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984); David Crosby and CPR, http://www.crosbycpr.com/ (September 20, 2004); The Crosby & Nash Official Site, http://crosbynash.com/ (September 20, 2004); “David Crosby: Biography”, VH1.com, http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/crosby_david/bio.jhtml (September 20, 2004); “Graham Nash: Biography”, VH1.com, http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/nash_graham/bio.jhtml (September 20, 2004); Lorraine Alterman, “Graham Nash: Tales Behind ‘Wild Tales’”, Rolling Stone, March 28, 1974, reprinted online at CSN@Suitelorraine.com, http://www.suitelorraine.com/suitelorraine/Pages/nashwildtales.html (September 20, 2004); “Vietnam Era Anti War Music”, JW’s Rock Garden, http://www.jwsrockgarden.com/jw02vvaw.htm (September 20, 2004). ¹⁴⁹On Ochs, see “Phil Ochs”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Ochs (September 20, 2004); David Cohen, Phil Ochs: A Bio-Bibliography, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1999; Marc Eliot, Death of a Rebel, foreword by Vin Scelsa, Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol Publishing Group, 1995 (Garden City, New York: Anchor Press, 1979); Phil Ochs, http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/ochs/ (September 20, 2004). ¹⁵⁰On Hayden, see “Hayden, Tom”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1976; Tom Hayden, Reunion: A Memoir, New York: Random House, 1988; “Biography”, Tom Hayden, http://www.tomhayden.com/Biography.html (September 20, 2004); “Sixties Project: Primary Document Archive: Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)”, The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary.html (September 15, 2004); ”SDS”, Maoist International Movement (MIM), http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/sds/index.html (September 9, 2004); Alan Adelson, SDS, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1972; “FBI Documents on Tom Hayden”, Los Angeles Independent Media Center, http://la.indymedia.org/news/2002/08/18476.php (September 20, 2004); FBI files, “Weather Underground Organization (WUO)”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/weather.htm (September 9, 2004); David Horowitz, “Tom Hayden, LA, and Me”, FrontPageMagazine.com http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=1056, March 3, 1997 (September 20, 2004). ¹⁵¹On Abernathy and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, see “Abernathy, Ralph”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1968; “Ralph Abernathy”, Spartacus Educational, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAabernathy.htm (September 20, 2004); Ralph Abernathy, And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: An Autobiography, New York: Harper & Row, 1989; “Rev. Ralph D. Abernathy, 1968 to 1977”, SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference, http://sclcnational.org/nonprofit/sclc/history.asp?itemid=3023&siteid=2607 (September 20, 2004); “From Whence We’ve Come”, SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference, http://sclcnational.org/nonprofit/sclc/history.asp?siteid=2607 (September 20, 2004); Records of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1954-1970, editors John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier, 4 parts, 82 reels, Bethesda, Maryland: University Publications of America, 1995; David J. Garrow, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, New York: Quill, 1999 (New York: William Morrow, 1986); “Southern Christian Leadership Conference”, Spartacus Educational, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAsclc.htm (September 20, 2004); FBI files, “Abernathy, Ralph D.”, HQ-1000442906, AT-1570002924, LA-570002720; U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Communist Infiltration of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference: FBI Investigation File, 9 reels, Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 1984; David Pace, “FBI sought dirt on Martin Luther King, Jr.’s successor” Nando Times, July 11, 1999, online at Hartford Web Publishing: World History Archives, http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/125.html (September 20, 2004). ¹⁵²On Gregory, see Note 133. ¹⁵³On Dellums, see “Dellums, Ronald V.”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1993; ”Ronald V. Dellums”, Notable Black American Men, Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Research, 1998, online at Biography Resource Center, http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC (September 17, 2004); ”Ronald V(ernie) Dellums”, Contemporary Authors Online, Farmington Hills, Michigan: The Gale Group, 2004, online at Biography Resource Center, http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC (September 17, 2004); Dellums, Ronald V. and H. Lee Halterman, Lying Down with the Lions: A Public Life from the Streets of Oakland to the Halls of Power, Boston: Beacon Press, 2000; “Dellums, Ronald Vernie, 1935-”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000222 (September 20, 2004); Powell, 22-23, 239-240, 249-250, 252, 260-266, 271-272, 295; “Ronald Dellums: Congressman: 9th California District”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/dellums.htm (September 5, 2004). ¹⁵⁴On Rangel, see “Rangel, Charles B.”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1984; “Biography of Charlie Rangel”, United States House of Representatives, http://www.house.gov/rangel/bio.shtml (September 20, 2004); “Congressman Charles B. Rangel”, AfroCubaWeb, http://www.afrocubaweb.com/rangel.htm (September 20, 2004); Michael Tremoglie, “Rangel is Wrong.”, FrontPageMagazine.com, http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?, January 9, 2003 (September 20, 2004). ¹⁵⁵On Harrington and the Democratic Socialists of America, see “Harrington, Michael”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1988; Michael Harrington, The Long-Distance Runner: An Autobiography, New York: Holt, 1988; “Three Key Socialists”, Democratic Socialists of America, http://www.dsausa.org/about/DTH.html (September 20, 2004) ; Maurice Isserman, The Other American: The Life of Michael Harrington, New York: Public Affairs, 2000; “A Brief History of the American Left”, Democratic Socialists of America, http://www.dsausa.org/about/history.html (September 20, 2004); Powell, 57, 59n, 216, 219-220, 235; “Socialists in Congress”, Restoring America, http://www.restoringamerica.org/documents/socialists_in_congress.html , August 31, 2001 (September 20, 2004). ¹⁵⁶On Abzug, see Note 106. ¹⁵⁷On Drinan, see Notes 52, 61, 63, 66, 68, and 70. ¹⁵⁸On Hatfield, see “Hatfield, Mark O.”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1984; Robert Eells and Bartell Nyberg, Lonely Walk: The Life of Senator Mark Hatfield, Chappaqua, New York: Christian Herald Books, 1979; Powell, 21-22, 41, 249-251, 257, 259, 297, 389; “Need for Investigation: Hon. Mark O. Hatfield in the Senate of the United States, Monday, April 5, 1971”, online at The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Winter_Soldier/WS_01_Hatfield.html (September 21, 2004); Bill Robertson, “Portland Man Plays Role in DC Protest”, attachment to Airtel, Portland, Oregon FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, November 30, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 10, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 10, 177-193 (esp.187) (September 4, 2004). On the Members of Congress for Peace Through Law/Arms Control and Foreign Policy Caucus, see Powell, 21-22, 41-42, 257-259, 265. ¹⁵⁹On Pacifica Radio, see “About Us”, The Pacifica Radio Foundation http://pacifica.org/about/ (September 20, 2004); Elsa Knight Thompson, “History”, KPFA—Free Speech Radio http://www.kpfa.org/2ab_hist.htm (September 20, 2004); “Pacifica Radio”, Media Resources Center: Moffitt Library: University of California, Berkeley, http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/pacificainfo.html (September 20, 2004); Jeff Land, Active Radio: Pacifica’s Brash Experiment, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999; Matthew Lasar, Pacifica Radio: The Rise of an Alternative Network, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000, Chapter 1 online at Temple University Press, http://www.temple.edu/tempress/chapters/1389_ch1.pdf; Warren Bareiss, “Pacifica Radio and the American Left”, The Review of Communication 2.3, July 2002, 306-311, online at National Communication Association, http://www.natcom.org/pubs/ROC/one-three/Bareiss.pdf (September 20, 2004); Greg Yardley, “Radio Intifada”, FrontPageMagazine.com, http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=9185 (September 20, 2004). ¹⁶⁰On The New York Times relationship to IPS’ role in breaking My Lai and the Pentagon Papers, see Saul Landau “Seymour Hersh”, The Progressive, October 1998, online at https://secure.progressive.org/intv1098.html; Scott Sherman, “The Avenger: Sy Hersh, Then and Now”, Columbia Journalism Review, http://www.cjr.org/issues/2003/4/hersh-sherman.asp, Issue 4, July-August 2003 (September 20, 2004); Wells, Wild Man: The Life and Times of Daniel Ellsberg, 365-411; Powell, 35-36, 37-38, 47-53, 113-115. ¹⁶¹On Cronkite and CBS’ coverage of Vietnam, see “Walter Cronkite’s ‘We Are Mired in Stalemate’ Broadcast, February 27, 1968”, History 398: Special Topics: The Vietnam Experience, http://www.richmond.edu/~ebolt/history398/Cronkite_1968.html (September 20, 2004); David Halberstam, The Powers That Be, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979, 508-515; “Walter Cronkite”, PBS: Reporting America at War, http://www.pbs.org/weta/reportingamericaatwar/reporters/cronkite/ (September 20, 2004). ¹⁶²Vietnam Veterans Against the War, The Winter Soldier Investigation: An Inquiry into American War Crimes, Boston: Beacon Press, 1972. ¹⁶³On Coppola, see Eleanor Coppola, Notes on the Making of Apocalypse Now, New York: Limelight Editions, 1991 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979); Mikhail Kalatozov, I am Cuba (Russian title IA—Kuba; Cuban title Soy Cuba), presented by Francis Ford Coppola and Martin Scorsese, New York: Milestone Film & Video, 1996 (1964); Joel Stewart Zuker, Francis Ford Coppola: A Guide to References and Resources, Boston, Massachusetts: G.K. Hall, 1984; Michael Goodwin and Naomi Wise, On the Edge: The Life and Times of Francis Ford Coppola, New York: Morrow, 1989; Peter Cowie, Coppola: A Biography, New York: Scribner, 1990; Ronald Bergan, Francis Ford Coppola Close Up: The Making of His Movies, New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1998; Michael Schumacher, Francis Ford Coppola: A Filmmaker’s Life, New York: Random House, 1999; Gene D. Phillips, Godfather: The Intimate Francis Ford Coppola, Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2004; Jon Matthew, “Francis Ford Coppola: A Biography”, Debbie Twyman and Craig Whitney: Film Arts and Social Studies, http://www.twyman-whitney.com/film/celluloid_profiles/coppola.html (September 21, 2004). ¹⁶⁴On Hefner, see CNN, “Interview with Hugh Hefner”, Cold War: Episode 13: Make Love, Not War: 1960s, January 10, 1999, online at The National Security Archive: Cold War: Interviews, http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/coldwar/interviews/episode-13/hefner1.html (September 21, 2004); Stephen Byer, Hefner’s Gonna Kill Me When He Reads This. . ., Chicago: Allen-Bennett, 1972; Frank Brady, Hefner, New York: Macmillan, 1974; Russell Miller, Bunny: The Real Story of Playboy, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985; Tim Hodgdon, “The Chicago Women’s Liberation Union: On the Cutting Edge of Protest Against Sexual Objectification”, CWLU Herstory: Chicago Women’s Liberation Union http://www.cwluherstory.com/CWLUAbout/abdoc5.html, 2000 (September 21, 2004); FBI files, “Hugh Hefner/Playboy”, available from Paperless Archives, http://www.paperlessarchives.com/playboy.html (September 21, 2004). ¹⁶⁵On Lifton, see Lifton; “What Are We Doing to Ourselves?”, Winter Soldier Investigation: Testimony given in Detroit, Michigan on January 31, 1971, February 1 and 2, 1971, online at The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Winter_Soldier/WS_18_Ourselves.html (September 21, 2004); Nicosia, Home to War, 59, 76, 81-82, 84, 112, 154, 158-209.

¹⁶⁶On Falk and the Winter Soldier Investigation, see “Program”, attachment to Letterhead Memorandum, Detroit FBI office, “Re: Winter Soldier Investigation (WSI)”, February 2, 1970, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 02, 32-47 (September 21, 2004); Nicosia, Home to War, 82. Cf. Crimes of War, editors Richard Falk, et al, New York: Random House, 1971; Lifton, xxvii, 17, 459n1; Airtel with attachments, Denver, Colorado FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), National Steering Committee Meeting: Denver, Colorado: February 18-21, 1972”, March 17, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 15, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 15, 67-156 (esp. 128) (September 4, 2004); “Richard Falk”, TFF: The Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research, http://www.transnational.org/tff/people/r_falk.html (September 17, 2004); “Senior Scholars”, The Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.ips-dc.org/projects/senior.htm (September 17, 2004); Powell, 42, 47-53; Tom Wells, Wild Man: The Life and Times of Daniel Ellsberg, 127, 339-340, 403.

¹⁶⁷On Peter Weiss, Cora Weiss, and the Committee of Liaison with Families of Servicemen Detained in North Vietnam, see Note 116.

¹⁶⁸On Zinn, see “Zinn, Howard”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1999; “The Life and Times of Howard Zinn”, Howard Zinn Online, http://www.geocities.com/howardzinnfans/bios.html (September 21, 2004); Howard Zinn, You Can’t Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A Personal History of Our Times, Boston: Beacon Press, 1994; Howard Zinn, “The Impossible Victory: Vietnam”, A People’s History of the United States, New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1980, reprinted online at Third World Traveler, http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Zinn/Vietnam_PeoplesHx.html (September 9, 2004); “Prisoner of War Panel”, Winter Soldier Investigation: Testimony given in Detroit, Michigan on January 31, 1971, February 1 and 2, 1971, online at The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Winter_Soldier/WS_23_POW.html (September 21, 2004).

¹⁶⁹On Peck and the the National Coalition Against War, Racism and Repression/People’s Coalition for Peace and Justice, see “What Are We Doing to Ourselves?”, Winter Soldier Investigation: Testimony given in Detroit, Michigan on January 31, 1971, February 1 and 2, 1971, online at The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Winter_Soldier/WS_18_Ourselves.html (September 21, 2004); "National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam Records, 1966-1969", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG051-099/dg075nmc.htm (September 5, 2004); "Guide to the People’s Coalition for Peace and Justice Records, 1970-1972", The Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, http://dlib.nyu.edu:8083/tamwagead/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=/pcpj.xml&style=/saxon01t2002.xsl∂=body (September 21, 2004); Wells, The War Within: America’s Battle Over Vietnam, 92-95, 268-269, 331-333, 399, 461-462, 471-473; L.A. Kauffman, “Ending a war: Inventing a movement: Mayday 1971”, Radical Society, Volume 29, Issue 4, December 2002, 29; Edward Sanders, “John Kerry and the First Five Months of 1971—Some Clues to His Presidency”, Woodstock Journal, http://www.woodstockjournal.com/pdf/john-kerry-president.pdf (September 23, 2004); Report, New York FBI office, “Clergy and Laity Concerned”, April 9, 1973, Field Office File 100-56667, BUFILE 105-170160, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/clviet.htm, pdf file 1b, 96-99 (September 5, 2004); House Internal Security Committee, National Peace Action Coalition (NPAC) and People’s Coalition for Peace and Justice (PCPJ), Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971; Powell, 39-43. Cf. “Joint Treaty of Peace Between the People of the United States, South Vietnam and North Vietnam”, Davka, http://www.davka.org/what/theleft/peoplespeacetreatyvietnam.html (September 24, 2004); Memo, A.W. Gray to Mr. C.D. Brennan, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, February 26, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 02, 93-94 (September 21, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, Detroit, Michigan FBI office, “Re: Winter Soldier Investigation (WSI)”, February 4, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 02, 64-69 (September 21, 2004); Telex, Tampa FBI office to FBI Director, Washington FBI field office, April 23, 1971, FBI HQ 100-11392, Part 23, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/committe.htm, pdf file FBI HQ 100-11392, Part 23, 80-81 (September 22, 2004).

¹⁷⁰“Miscellaneous Panel”, Winter Soldier Investigation: Testimony given in Detroit, Michigan on January 31, 1971, February 1 and 2, 1971, online at The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Winter_Soldier/WS_28_Misc.html (September 21, 2004); Scott Swett, “Yesterday’s Lies: Steve Pitkin and the Winter Soldiers”, www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/staticpages/index.php?page=YesterdaysLies1, September 15, 2004 (September 20, 2004).

¹⁷¹Nicosia, Home to War, 92.

¹⁷²Stacewicz, 240, 242; Nicosia, Home to War, 95-97.

¹⁷³Stacewicz, 240-241; Nicosia, Home to War, 96-99

¹⁷⁴"National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam Records, 1966-1969", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG051-099/dg075nmc.htm (September 5, 2004); “Detroit Coalition to End the War Now!”, Walter P. Reuther Library, http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/collections/hefa_627.htm (September 21, 2004); “James Lafferty Collection”, Walter P. Reuther Library, http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/collections/hefa_626.htm (September 21, 2004); Wells, The War Within: America’s Battle Over Vietnam, 331-333, 451; “Forum on Iraq, U.S., and the U.N.”, NOAC: Northeast Ohio Anti-War Coalition, http://www.noacinfo.org/October092003Background.html (September 21, 2004); Brian E. Albrecht, “Veteran Anti-War Activists Rejoin Fold”, Cleveland Plain Dealer, October 20, 2002, online at Common Dreams News Center, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines02/1020-07.htm (September 21, 2004); “War in the ‘Peace’ Movement”, CACC Newsletter, August 1, 1971, reprinted online at Christian Anti-Communism Crusade, http://www.schwarzreport.org/Newsletters/1971/august1,71.htm (September 21, 2004); Telex, Los Angeles FBI office to FBI Director, San Francisco FBI office, Washington FBI office, April 19, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 02, 265-271 (September 21, 2004); Appendix, “National Peace Action Coalition (NPAC)”, attached to Letterhead Memorandum, “Demonstrations Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Washington, D.C., April 18 through April 23, 1971”, April 29, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 04, 12-35 (September 21, 2004); House Internal Security Committee, National Peace Action Coalition (NPAC) and People’s Coalition for Peace and Justice (PCPJ), Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971.

¹⁷⁵See Note 169.

¹⁷⁶On Davis, see “Rennie Davis: Anti-war protest leader”, Cold War: Episode 13: Make Love, Not War: 1960s, http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/13/interviews/davis/ (September 23, 2004).

¹⁷⁷Stacewicz, 362; Wells, The War Within, 449-451, 461-462, 471-473, 479-481; Powell, 42-43. Cf. “Joint Treaty of Peace Between the People of the United States, South Vietnam and North Vietnam”, Davka, http://www.davka.org/what/theleft/peoplespeacetreatyvietnam.html (September 24, 2004); Telex, Tampa FBI office to FBI Director, Washington FBI field office, April 23, 1971, FBI HQ 100-11392, Part 23, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/committe.htm, pdf file FBI HQ 100-11392, Part 23, 80-81 (September 22, 2004).

¹⁷⁸Report, New York FBI office, “Clergy and Laity Concerned”, April 9, 1973, Field Office File 100-56667, BUFILE 105-170160, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/clviet.htm, pdf file 1b, 96-99 (September 5, 2004); Teletype, New York FBI office to FBI Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Inc. (VVAW)”, November 11, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 9, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 9, 91-93 (September 4, 2004).

¹⁷⁹On the Fellowship of Reconciliation, see Note 47.

¹⁸⁰On the War Resisters League, see Note 47.

¹⁸¹On the American Friends Service Committee, see Note 33.

¹⁸²Powell, 42; Wells, The War Within, 478-480.

¹⁸³See Note 169.

¹⁸⁴Stacewicz, 240, 242; Nicosia, Home to War, 98.

¹⁸⁵Letter from Samuel D. McClelland, Board of Education of the City of New York, to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover, Federal Bureau of Investigation, June 30, 1970, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 61 (September 4, 2004); Report, New York FBI office, “Clergy and Laity Concerned”, April 9, 1973, Field Office File 100-56667, BUFILE 105-170160, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/clviet.htm, pdf file 1b, 96-99 (September 5, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, Kansas City, Missouri FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Steering Committee Meeting: Kansas City, Missouri: November 12, 13, 14, 1971”, November 18, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 11, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 11, 190-197 (September 4, 2004).

¹⁸⁶Wells, The War Within, 472-473; Letterhead Memorandum, Washington, DC FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, March 12, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 02, 137-141 (September 15, 2004).

¹⁸⁷Ensign; Nicosia, Home to War, 108, 123, 134-135, 139. On the Concerned Officers Movement, see “1970—The Concerned Officers Movement”, Quaker House of Fayetteville, N.C., http://www.quakerhouse.org/QH%20Exhibit/panel4.htm (September 23, 2004); “Dr. James M. Skelly”, Juniata College, http://departments.juniata.edu/pacs/skelly_bio.html (September 23, 2004). On Dellums, see Note 153.

¹⁸⁸Tim Wheeler and Gene Tournour, “Vets Dump Medals, Nixon Dumps March”, Daily World, April 24, 1971, archived at “Time Line”, www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=Timeline, (September 24, 2004); Swett; Johnson, interview, 12. On the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, see “Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom”, Women In American History by Encylopaedia Britannica, http://search.eb.com/women/articles/Women's_International_League_for_Peace_and_Freedom.html (September 25, 2004); “History”, Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, http://www.wilpf.org/section/us%20wilpf.htm (September 25, 2004); "Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom Collection (DG043)", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG026-050/dg043wilpf/ (September 25, 2004); FBI files, “Jane Addams”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/addams.htm (September 25, 2004); J. Edgar Hoover, Masters of Deceit: The Story of Communism in American and How to Fight It, New York: Pocket Books, Inc., 1961 (New York: Henry Holt, 1958), 220-221; Michael Tremoglie, “Not In Our Name and the World Wide Terrorism Web”, FrontPageMagazine.com, http://www.frontpagemagazine.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=6722, March 19, 2003 (September 25, 2004). On Abernanthy and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, see Note 151. On Rubin and the Yippies, see Note 131.

¹⁸⁹John Kerry and Vietnam Veterans Against the War, The New Soldier; Nicosia, Home to War, 99-100, 102, 150; Wells, The War Within, 477-501; Kauffman.

¹⁹⁰Nicosia, Home to War, 99, 104-105.

¹⁹¹Michael Kranish, “With antiwar role, high visibility”, June 17, 2003, Part 3 of “John F. Kerry: Candidate in the Making”, The Boston Globe, http://www.boston.com/globe/nation/packages/kerry/061703.shtml, June 15-21, 2003 (August 5, 2004). Cf. Nicosia, Home to War, 105; Nicosia, “Veteran in Conflict”.

¹⁹²On Bronfman, see Edgar M. Bronfman, Good Spirits: The Making of a Businessman, New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1998; Peter C. Newman, Bronfman Dynasty, McClelland and Stewart, 1978; Peter Charles Newman, King of the Castle: The Making of a Dynasty: Seagram’s and the Bronfman Empire, New York: Scribner, 1979; Michael Robert Marrus, Samuel Bronfman: The Life and Times of Seagram’s Mr. Sam, Hanover: University Press of New England (for Brandeis University Press), 1992; Jo Johnson and Martine Orange, The Man Who Tried to Buy the World: Jean-Marie Messier and Vivendi Universal, New York: Portfolio, 2003; Testimony of Frank Costello, James Rutkin, and Edwin Baldwin in United States Senate, Special Committee to Investigate Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce, Reports 141, 307, and 725, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1950-1951; Allan May, “Big Al’s Corner”, in Jerry Capeci, “This Week in Gang Land: The Online Column”, Gang Land, January 11, 1999 (September 23, 2004).

¹⁹³Kranish, “With antiwar role, high visibility”. Cf. Nicosia, Home to War, 105 and Nicosia, “Veteran in Conflict”.

¹⁹⁴Teletype, Washington FBI field office to FBI Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, April 13, 1971, attached to Note, FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, April 13, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 02, 198-205 (September 15, 2004); Report, FBI, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Incorporated”, October 12, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 7, 82-117 (September 4, 2004). Cf. Stacewicz, 242; Nicosia, “Veteran in Conflict”.

¹⁹⁵Powell, 43, 396n73. On MCPL, see Note 158. On McGovern, see Note 138. On Kennedy, see “Kennedy, Edward Moore”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1978; “About Senator Kennedy“, Senator Edward M. Kennedy: Online Office, http://kennedy.senate.gov/index_low.html (September 24, 2004); Edward M. Kennedy and Mark O. Hatfield, Freeze! How You Can Prevent Nuclear War, foreword by W. Averell Harriman, New York: Bantam Books, 1982; Gary Allen, Ted Kennedy: In Over His Head, Atlanta: ’76 Press, 1980; Richard E. Burke, The Senator: My Ten Years with Edward M. Kennedy, with William and Marilyn Hoffer, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992; Lester David, Good Ted, Bad Ted: The Two Faces of Edward M. Kennedy, Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol Publishing Group, 1993; Burton Hersh, The Shadow President: Ted Kennedy in Opposition, South Royalton, Vermont: Steerforth Press, 1997; Adam Clymer, Edward M. Kennedy: A Biography, New York: Morrow, 1999. On Mondale, see “Mondale, Walter F.”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1978; “Mondale, Walter Frederick, 1928-“, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000851 (September 24, 2004); Walter F. Mondale, The Accountability of Power: Toward a Responsible Presidency, New York: D. McKay Co., 1975; Finlay Lewis, Mondale: Portrait of an American Politician, revised and updated edition, New York: Perennial Library, 1984 (original edition New York: Harper & Row, 1980); Steven M. Gillon, The Democrats’ Dilemma: Walter F. Mondale and the Liberal Legacy, New York: Columbia University Press, 1992. On Hart, see “Hart, Philip A.”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1959; “Hart, Philip Aloysius, 1920-1976“, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/%20scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000291 (September 24, 2004); Michael O’Brien, Philip Hart: The Conscience of the Senate, East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University Press, 1995.

¹⁹⁶See Stacewicz, 246, 248; Nicosia, Home to War, 103, 110-111, 122-126, 130, 132-133, 136-139; Brinkley, 359-362, 364, 366-367, 369.

¹⁹⁷On Pell, see “Pell, Claiborne”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1972; “Pell, Claiborne de Borda, 1918-“, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000193 (September 24, 2004); Claiborne Pell, Power and Policy: America’s Role in World Affairs, New York: Norton, 1972; Powell, 252, 389.

¹⁹⁸On Fulbright, see Note 83.

¹⁹⁹On Symington, see “Symington, Stuart”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1945; “Symington, William Stuart (Stuart), 1901-1988“, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S001136 (September 24, 2004); James C. Olson, Stuart Symington: A Life, Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2003; Douglas Brinkley, Dean Acheson: The Cold War Years, 1953-1971, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992, 70-71, 73. On Acheson, see Part 1 in this series, “John Kerry’s Red Roots”, FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1198744/posts (September 24, 2004).

²⁰⁰On Church, see “Frank Forrester Church, 1924-1984”, The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Volume 1: 1981-1985, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1998, online at Biography Resource Center, http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC (September 24, 2004); “Church, Frank Forrester, 1924-1984“, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000388 (September 24, 2004); “The Frank Church Papers”, Boise State University: Albertsons Library: Special Collections Department, http://library.boisestate.edu/Special/church/CHURCH1.HTM (September 24, 2004); F. Forrester Church, Father and Son: A Personal Biography of Senator Frank Church of Idaho, New York: Harper & Row, 1985; LeRoy Ashby and Rod Gramer, Fighting the Odds: The Life of Senator Frank Church, Pullman: Washington State University Press, 1994; Powell, 54-83, esp. 65.

[Kenny Bunk]

The Feds, especially under Nixon, went cross-eyed trying to find the links betwen the anti-war movement and Moscow. Now that the USSR is no more, the links are much clearer.

The problem is that between the MSM and a big helping of vote fraud, there is a chance, and not that slim, that we will wind up with Kerry where we don't want him.

He has gotten a complete pass from the Bush Team on all of this because they are afraid of the MSM. Karl Rove has decided that the Vietnam Era doesn't count, and neither does vote fraud.

[Fedora]

²⁰¹Stacewicz, 250-251; Nicosia, Home to War, 102-103, 108, 116, 125, 153; John Kerry and Vietnam Veterans Against the War, The New Soldier, edited by David Thorne and George Butler, New York: Macmillan, 1971 (text online at Gorio’s World, http://fp3.antelecom.net/gorio/ns/New%20Soldier%20Compleat.pdf (pdf file) (September 6, 2004); partial text with pictures at “The New Soldier: John Kerry and the VVAW”, wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=NewSoldier (September 6, 2004)).

²⁰²Kerry and Vietnam Veterans Against the War, 29.

²⁰³“Stone, I.F.”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1972; ”I.F. Stone”, Spartacus Educational, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAstoneIF.htm (September 24, 2004); Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors, Washington: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 2000, 432-439; “Appendix: Recent Revelations About Soviet Active Measures”, in United States Information Agency, Soviet Active Measures in the ‘Post-Cold War’ Era, 1988-1991: A Report Prepared at the Request of the United States House of Representatives Committee on Apppropriations, June 1992, reprinted online at The Literature of Intelligence: A Bibliography of Materials, with Essays, Reviews, and Comments, http://intellit.muskingum.edu/russia_folder/pcw_era/sect_16a.htm (September 24, 2004).

²⁰⁴Tim Wheeler, “Army Bars Arlington Peace Memorial: Vets Set Up April 24 Advance Guard in D.C.”, Daily World, April 20, 1971, Tim Wheeler, “Senate Body Echoes to Vets Peace Cries”, Daily World, April 21, 1971, Tim Wheeler, “Nixon and High Court Defied: Vets Hold Peace Line; Jail and Threats Fail”, Daily World, April 23, 1971, Tim Wheeler and Gene Tournour, “Vets Dump Medals, Nixon Dumps March”, Daily World, April 24, 1971, archived at “Time Line”, www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=Timeline, (September 24, 2004).

²⁰⁵“Joint Treaty of Peace Between the People of the United States, South Vietnam and North Vietnam”, Davka, http://www.davka.org/what/theleft/peoplespeacetreatyvietnam.html (September 24, 2004); Telex, Tampa FBI office to FBI Director, Washington FBI field office, April 23, 1971, FBI HQ 100-11392, Part 23, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/committe.htm, pdf file FBI HQ 100-11392, Part 23, 80-81 (September 22, 2004); Stacewicz, 362.

²⁰⁶See Note 169.

²⁰⁷See Note 173.

²⁰⁸Stacewicz, 236, 240; Memo, A.W. Gray to Mr. C.D. Brennan, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, February 26, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 02, 93-94 (September 21, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, Detroit, Michigan FBI office, “Re: Winter Soldier Investigation (WSI)”, February 4, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 02, 64-69 (September 21, 2004).

²⁰⁹See Notes 177 and 182.

²¹⁰Stacewicz, 284; Nicosia, Home to War, 103; “Time Line”, www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=Timeline, (September 24, 2004).

²¹¹See Notes 194, 195.

²¹²Nicosia, Home to War, 106, 125, 129.

²¹³“Rennie Davis: Anti-war protest leader”, Cold War: Episode 13: Make Love, Not War: 1960s, http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/13/interviews/davis/ (September 23, 2004).

²¹⁴See Note 69.

²¹⁵On Weiss, see Note 116. On Weiss as the VVAW’s lawyer, see Report, FBI, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Incorporated”, October 12, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 7, 82-117 (September 4, 2004); Teletype, New York FBI office to FBI Director, FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, December 27, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 11, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 11, 240-241 (September 4, 2004).

²¹⁶On the National Lawyers Guild, see Note 62.

²¹⁷Powell, 11, 58; “National Lawyers Guild & its Terrorist Network”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/nlgterr.htm (September 5, 2004). On the Baader-Meinhof Gang, see Jillian Becker, Hitler’s Children: The Story of the Baader-Meinhof Terrorist Gang, Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1977; “Red Army Faction”, Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Army_Faction (September 24, 2004); This is Baader-Meinhofhttp://www.baader-meinhof.com/ (September 24, 2004); Denise Noe, “The Baader Meinhof Gang”, Crime Libraryhttp://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists/baader/(September 24, 2004).

²¹⁸See Kauffman.

²¹⁹Tim Wheeler, “Nixon and High Court Defied: Vets Hold Peace Line; Jail and Threats Fail”, Daily World, April 23, 1971, archived at “Time Line”, www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=Timeline, (September 24, 2004).

²²⁰Nicosia, Home to War, 122; Swett.

²²¹House Internal Security Committee, National Peace Action Coalition (NPAC) and People’s Coalition for Peace and Justice (PCPJ), Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971; Nicosia, Home to War, 150.

²²²Letterhead Memorandum, “Demonstrations Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Washington, D.C., April 18 through April 23, 1971”, April 29, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 04, 12-35 (September 21, 2004).

²²³Stacewicz, 249-250, 293-295; Nicosia, Home to War, 128-129, 211-212; Nicosia, “Veteran in Conflict”; Teletype, author deleted to FBI Director and New York FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War Regional Coordinators and National Steering Committee Meeting Weekend November Fourteen, Nineteen Seventyone, Kansas City, Missouri”, November 16, 1971 and Teletype, author deleted to FBI Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, November 18, 1971 and Teletype, author deleted to FBI Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, November 19, 1971 and Letterhead Memorandum, author deleted, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War Regional Coordinators and National Steering Committee Meeting, Weekend November 12-15, 1971, Kansas City, Missouri”, November 24, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 9, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 9, 148-157, 199-204, 208-210, 229-232 (September 4, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, Kansas City, Missouri FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Steering Committee Meeting: Kansas City, Missouri: November 12, 13, 14, 1971”, November 18, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 11, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 11, 190-197 (September 4, 2004).

²²⁴Stacewicz, 258, 291, 295, 430; ”Veterans charge FBI offered jobs as spies”, St. Louis Globe Democrat, June 7, 1971, 8A, attached to Letterhead Memorandum, St. Louis, Missouri FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Regional Coordinators Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, June 5-6, 1971”, June 7, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 4, 131-133; Letterhead Memorandum, Denver, Colorado FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, September 3, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 216-231 (September 4, 2004); Report, FBI, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Incorporated”, October 12, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 7, 82-117 (September 4, 2004); Teletype, Denver, Colorado FBI office to FBI Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, February 21, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 14, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 14, 39-43 (September 4, 2004).

²²⁵Teletype to FBI Director, Baltimore FBI office, New York FBI office, Washington, DC FBI field office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, April 12, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 2, 191-192 (September 4, 2004); Teletype, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma FBI office to FBI Director and Domestic Intelligence Division, “Regional Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Convention Sponsored by Oklahoma VVAW, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla., November Five, Six, Seven, Seventyone”, November 8, 1971 and Airtel and attachments, FBI Washington Field Office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Incorporated (VVAW), aka”, November 16, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 9, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 9, 11-13, 141-142 (September 4, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, Buffalo, New York FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), Also Known As University of Buffalo Veterans Club (UBVC), Western New York Serviceman’s Union”, November 10, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 10, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 10, 113-117 (esp. 116) (September 4, 2004); Nicosia, Home to War, 114-115, 117-118, 120-122, 126-127, 129-131, 134-136, 150-152.

²²⁶Wells, The War Within, 480, 497; Kauffman; Appendix, “National Peace Action Coalition (NPAC)”, attached to Letterhead Memorandum, “Demonstrations Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Washington, D.C., April 18 through April 23, 1971”, April 29, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 04, 12-35 (esp.19) (September 21, 2004); “War in the ‘Peace’ Movement”, CACC Newsletter, August 1, 1971, online at Christian Anti-Communism Crusade, http://www.schwarzreport.org/Newsletters/1971/august1,71.htm (October 4, 2004).

²²⁷ Cram, interview; Teletype, Boston FBI office to FBI Director and New York FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, May 30, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 04, 108-110 (September 21, 2004); “Kerry, John Forbes”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1988. On Drinan and Grossman, see Grossman, interview; Pomper and Pomper.

²²⁸Letterhead Memorandum, Kansas City, Missouri FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, August 25, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 162-168 (September 4, 2004); Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 388-389; Teletype, Boston FBI office to FBI Director, New York FBI, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, October 7, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 07, 18-19 (September 21, 2004). On Kennedy, see Note 195.

²²⁹Brinkley, Tourof Duty, 388-389; Teletype, Boston FBI office to FBI Director and New York FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, May 27, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 04, 115-116 (September 21, 2004). On McCarthy, see Note 83.

²³⁰ Nicosia, Home to War, 64, 90, 95, 150; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 356, 365; Powell, 43, 396n73; Emily Frankovich, interview, conducted by Bonnie Jones, Lexington Oral History Projects, Inc., http://www.lexingtonbattlegreen1971.com/files/Frankovich,%20Emily.pdf, February 28, 1992, (July 17, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, Kansas City, Missouri FBI office, “Proposed Hunger Strike by Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Washington, D.C., June 14-22, 1971”, June 11, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 04, 128 (September 21, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, Denver, Colorado FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, September 3, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 216-231 (September 4, 2004). On McGovern, see Note 138. On the McGovern-Hatfield Amendment, see Powell, 41.

²³¹Letterhead Memorandum, Denver, Colorado FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, September 3, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 216-231 (September 4, 2004); Nicosia, Home to War, 110-111; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 364; “Kerry on War”, Portsmouth Herald, January 11, 1972 and “War Critic, at Portsmouth, Bids Audience Join Politics”, The New York Times, January 12, 1972, Page 26, archived online at “Documents, Film Clips, Audio and Cartoons: So when did John Kerry leave the VVAW, anyway?”, www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=Documents, (June 18, 2004). On McCloskey, see ”McCloskey, Paul N.”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1971; “McCloskey, Paul Norton, Jr. (Pete) (1927-)”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000343 (October 2, 2004); Paul N. McCloskey, Jr., Truth and Untruth: Political Deceit in America, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972; Lou Cannon, The McCloskey Challenge, New York: E.P. Dutton, 1972.

²³²Nicosia, Home to War212.

²³³Letterhead Memorandum, Washington, DC FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, September 15, 1971 and Memo, author deleted to Mr. E.S. Miller, “Antiwar Demostrations, Fall 1971”, September 21, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 6, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 6, 14-15, 32 (September 4, 2004); Memo, New York FBI office to Acting FBI Director, “Demonstration in Protest to Speech of President on Vietnam Held at United Nations (UN), New York City (NYC), Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) and People’s Coalition for Peace and Justice (PCPJ), May Nine, One Nine Seven Two”, May 9, 1972, attached to Informative Note, “Domestic Intelligence Division”, May 10, 1972 and Teletype, New York FBI Office to Acting FBI Director, FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, FBI Washington Field Office, “Demonstration in Protest to Speech of President on Vietnam Held at United Nations (UN), New York City (NYC), Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) and People’s Coalition for Peace and Justice (PCPJ), May Nine, Nineteen Seventy-Two”, May 9, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 18, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 18, 55-58, 107-109 (September 4, 2004).

²³⁴Report, New York FBI office, “Changed: Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Incorporated aka Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, October 12, 1971 and Report, FBI, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Incorporated”, October 12, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 7, 72-117 (esp. 90-91, 117) (September 4, 2004); Teletype, New York FBI office to FBI Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Inc. (VVAW)”, November 11, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 9, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 9, 91-93 (September 4, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, New York FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Incorporated”, November 29, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 11, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 11, 63-79 (esp. 71-72) (September 4, 2004). On Tyner, see “Author information: Author name: Jarvis Tyner, Executive Vice Chair”, Communist Party USA, http://www.cpusa.org/article/author/view/25 (September 30, 2004); “U.S. Presidential Elections: Leftist Votes”, Marxists Internet Archive, http://www.marxists.org/history/usa/government/elections/president/timeline.htm (September 30, 2004). On Green, see “Guide to the Gil Green Papers, 1949-1993 (Bulk 1972-1991)”, The Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, http://dlib.nyu.edu:8083/tamwagead/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=green.xml&style=saxon01t2002.xsl (September 30, 2004).

²³⁵Stacewicz, 288-290; Report, FBI, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Incorporated”, October 12, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 7, 82-117 (September 4, 2004); Nicosia, Home to War, 213 (cf. Airtel and attachments, Denver FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), National Steering Committee Meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 18-21, 1972”, March 17, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 15, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 15, 67-156 (esp. 100) (September 4, 2004)). On Urgo and Hubbard see Nicosia, Home to War, 59. On the War Resisters League, see Note 47.

²³⁶Nicosia, Home to War, 212.

²³⁷Stacewicz, 285; Nicosia, Home to War, 213-214; Report, FBI, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Incorporated”, October 12, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 7, 82-117 (esp. 114) (September 4, 2004); Newspaper articles attached to Letterhead Memorandum, San Antonio, Texas FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, October 26, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 8, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 8, 114-173 (esp. 168-171) (September 4, 2004); Teletype, author deleted and San Antonio FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, December 15, 1971, attached to Informative Note, Domestic Intelligence Division, December 13, 1971 and Letterhead Memorandum, Kansas City, Missouri FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Steering Committee Meeting: Kansas City, Missouri: November 12, 13, 14, 1971”, November 18, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 11, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 11, 125-127, 190-197 (esp. 196) (September 4, 2004); Memo, R.L. Shackleford to Mr. E.S. Miller, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, February 8, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 13, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 13, 131-132 (September 4, 2004); Airtel, Kansas City and Springfield, Missouri FBI office Special Agents in Charge to FBI Acting Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, November 2, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 34, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 34, 146-147 (September 21, 2004).

²³⁸On the United Front, see “History of United Front, Inc.”, United Front, Inc.http://www.unitedfrontcs.com/history.html (October 1, 2004); “David Ibata Collection of Cairo Racial Strife”, Special Collections: Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, http://www.lib.siu.edu/spcol/inventory/SC171.html (October 1, 2004); Adam Alexander, “The Coverage of the Cairo Civil Rights Movement by Local Newspapers”, Illinois Periodicals Online at Northern Illinois University, http://www.lib.niu.edu/ipo/ihy011201.html (October 1, 2004); Beauty Turner, “Chaos at the Bank of Lawndale”, We The People Media: Residents' Journal: Urban Youth International Journalism Program, http://www.wethepeoplemedia.org/Articles/BeautyTurner/LawndaleBankChaos.html, August/September 2004 (October 1, 2004); Ward Churchill and Jim Vander Wall, The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI’s Secret Wars Against Domestic Dissent, foreword by John Trudell, preface by Brian Glick, Boston: South End Press, 1990, Chapter 5, online at San Diego Fed Watch, http://www.sdfedwatch.org/The_COINTELPRO_PAPERS_-_Chapter_5_COINTELPRO_-_Black_Liberation_Movement.php (October 1, 2004); Paul Wolf, “COINTELPRO—Black Nationalist Hate Groups (1967-1971), www.cointel.org, http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/blacknationalist.htm (September 5, 2004).

²³⁹Letterhead Memorandum, Jacksonville, Florida FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Southeastern Regional Conference, Archer, Florida, September 4-6, 1971”, September 10, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 6, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 06, 86-96 (September 21, 2004); Stacewicz, 357, 363, 367-387; Nicosia, Home to War, 215, 226-229. On the Revolutionary Union, see “Revolutionary Communist Party, USA”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party_%28USA%29 (September 26, 2004); “About the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA”, Revolutionary Worker Online, http://www.rwor.org/rcp-e.htm (September 26, 2004); ”SDS”, Maoist International Movement (MIM), http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/sds/index.html (September 9, 2004); Gitlin, 384-392; Wells, The War Within, 337, 405; House of Representatives Committee on Internal Security, America's Maoists: The Revolutionary Union; The Venceremos Organization, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972; FBI files, “Weather Underground Organization (WUO)”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/weather.htm (September 9, 2004); Appendix, “Revolutionary Youth Movement”, attached to Letterhead Memorandum, Washington, DC FBI office, “Demonstrations Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Washington, D.C., April 18 through April 23, 1971”, April 29, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 4, 12-35; Memo, “Demonstration Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War/Winter Soldier Organization (VVAW/WSO) at Washington, D.C., July 1-4, 1974”, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 63, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 63, 72-74; Jim Martin, “America’s Al-Qaeda: The SLA-Venceremos Connection”, FlatlandBooks.Com, http://www.flatlandbooks.com/venceremos.html, 2003 (September 26, 2004); Nicosia, 227-228, 239-240, 322, 309-313.

²⁴⁰Memo from FBI Director to Albany, New York FBI office Special Agent in Charge, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, August 3, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 104-106; Letterhead Memorandum, Memphis, Tennessee FBI Office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, September 22, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 6, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 6, 114-120 Teletype, Memphis, Tennessee FBI Office to FBI Director, “Demonstrations Planned on October Thirteen, Nineteen Seventyone at Memphis, Tenn., Protesting U.S. Involvement in the War in Southeast Asia Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) and Young Workers Liberation League (YWLL)”, October 6, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 7, 141-143; Letterhead Memorandum, New Orleans, Louisiana FBI Office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, September 2, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 267-276; Letterhead Memorandum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania FBI Office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, November 26, 1971, attached to Memo, Pittsburgh FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, November 26, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 10, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 10, 109-112; Letterhead Memorandum, Buffalo, New York FBI Office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), Also Known As University of Buffalo Veterans Club (UBVC), Western New York Serviceman’s Union”, November 10, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 10, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 10, 113-117.

²⁴¹Memo from FBI Director to Albany, New York FBI office Special Agent in Charge, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, August 3, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 104-106; Teletype, Seattle, Washington FBI office to FBI Director, “[Vietnam] Veterans Against the War, Particpation in Memorial Day Parade, Seattle, Washington, May Thirty-One, Nineteen Seventy-One”, May 30, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 04, 111-112 (September 21, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, Kansas City, Missouri FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, August 25, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 162-168; Teletype, Jacksonville, Florida FBI office to FBI Director and Atlanta FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Southeastern Regional Conference, Archer, Florida, September Four Dash Six, Nineteen Seventy One”, September 5, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 251-255; Memo from Denver FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, September 3, 1971 and Letterhead Memorandum, Denver, Colorado FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, September 3, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 213-231.

²⁴²Teletype, Jacksonville, Florida FBI office to FBI Director and Atlanta FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Southeastern Regional Conference, Archer, Florida, September Four Dash Six, Nineteen Seventy One”, September 5, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 251-255; Teletype, Miami, Florida FBI office to FBI Director and FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, “Demonstration at Homestead Air Force Base, Florida (HAFB), April Twentytwo, Seventytwo, Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) and People’s Party”, April 21, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 16, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 16, 172-174; Teletype, Miami, Florida FBI office to FBI Acting Director, FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, and Jacksonville, Florida FBI office, “Veit [sic] Nam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, July 16, 1972 and Teletype, Miami, Florida FBI office to FBI Acting Director, FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, and Jacksonville, Florida FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, July 18, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 25, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 25, 48-49 and 100-102. On Bob Kunst and the New Party, see “Biography”, Kunst for Governor!, http://www.kunstforgov.com/Biobobkunst.htm (October 2, 2004); “Hillary for President in 2004!”, Hillarynow.com, http://www.hillarynow.com/kunst.htm (October 2, 2004).

²⁴³Kenneth J. Campbell, “The International War Crimes Conference, Oslo, June, 1971: Excerpts from the Diary of One of the Witnesses”, Viet Nam Generation 5:1-4, March 1994, reprinted online at The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Texts/Narrative/Campbell_Oslo.html (September 6, 2004); Stacewicz, 284; Nicosia, Home to War, 213; Letterhead Memorandum, Albuquerque, New Mexico FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW): Also known as Veterans Against the Vietnamese War (VAVW), Veterans Against the War (VAW)”, September 27, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 6, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 06, 157-190 (esp. 166-167) (September 21, 2004); Report, FBI, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Incorporated”, October 12, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 7, 82-117 (esp. 115-117) (September 4, 2004). On the World Peace Council, see Note 45. On Kunstler, see “Kunstler, William”, Encyclopaedia Britannica http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocId=9369500 (October 3, 2004); “William Kunstler”, Spartacus Educational, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkunstlerW.htm (October 3, 2004); William M. Kunstler, My Life as a Radical Lawyer, with Sheila Eisenberg, Secaucus, New Jersey: Birch Lane Press, 1994; interview by Dennis Bernstein and Julie Light, “The Life and Times of William Moses Kunstler”, Z Magazine, October 1995, online at Z Commuications, http://zena.secureforum.com/Znet/zmag/articles/oct95bernstein.htm (October 3, 2004); David J. Langum, William M. Kunstler: The Most Hated Lawyer in America, New York: New York University Press, 1999; Stacewicz, 340; Nicosia, Home to War, 264, 477.

²⁴⁴Letterhead Memorandum, Denver, Colorado FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, September 3, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 216-231 (esp. 230) (September 4, 2004).

²⁴⁵Letterhead Memorandum, Kansas City, Missouri FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Steering Committee Meeting: Kansas City, Missouri: November 12, 13, 14, 1971”, November 18, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 11, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 11, 190-197 (September 4, 2004); Stacewicz, 293; Nicosia, Home to War, 220.

²⁴⁶See Note 234.

²⁴⁷Letterhead Memorandum, Washington, DC FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, June 9, 1971, attached to Airtel, author deleted to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, June 9, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 4, 141-149; Letterhead Memorandum, New Orleans, Louisiana FBI Office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, September 2, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 267-276 (October 3, 2004), Letterhead Memorandum, Baltimore, Maryland FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, September 17, 1971, attached to Memo, Baltimore, Maryland FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, September 17, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 6, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 6, 45-50 (September 4, 2004); Teletype, Denver, Colorado FBI office to FBI Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, February 20, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 14, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 14, 52-56 (September 4, 2004). On the Venceremos Brigade, see Notes 98 and 99.

²⁴⁸Memo from FBI Director to Albany, New York FBI office Special Agent in Charge, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, August 3, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 5, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 5, 104-106.

²⁴⁹Teletype, Philadelphia FBI office to FBI Director, FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, Kansas City FBI Office, St. Louis FBI Office, “Vietnam Veterans Againt the War (VVAW”), June 29, 1971 and Teletype, Philadelphia FBI office to FBI Director, Miami FBI office, Tampa FBI office, Jacksonville FBI office,“Medberg”, June 22, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 04, 212-222 (September 21, 2004). On the Philadelphia VVAW and the Philadelphia Resistance, cf. Report, Philadelphia FBI office,“Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, November 5, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 8, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 08, 238-250 (esp. 242-243) (September 21, 2004). On the “Medburg” case, see Theoharis and Cox, 480-483; Nat Hentoff, “FBI Knocking at Your Door”, Village Voice, February 13, 2002, online at AlterNet, http://www.alternet.org/911oneyearlater/12413/ (October 3, 2004); The Camden 28, http://www.camden28.org (October 3, 2004). On Bangert, see Joe Bangert’s testimony in “1st Marine Division”, Winter Soldier Investigation: Testimony given in Detroit, Michigan on January 31, 1971, February 1 and 2, 1971, online at The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Winter_Soldier/WS_03_1Marine.html (September 21, 2004); Joe Bangert, "'Hanoi Jane' and 'Thanh Phong Bob'", The Veteran, Volume 31, Number 1, 2001, online at VVAW: Vietnam Veterans Against the War, http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=84&hilite=Joe+Bangert (September 27, 2004); Caption to photo by Joe Runci from Part 5 of “John F. Kerry: Candidate in the Making”, The Boston Globe, http://www.boston.com/globe/nation/packages/kerry/images/day5/04.htm, June 15-21, 2003 (August 5, 2004); Valerie Schumacher, "Valerie Schumacher's Trip to Vietnam: February, 1994", Vietnam Veterans Home Page, http://grunt.space.swri.edu/valstrip.htm (September 27, 2004); "Ewan MacColl: Comments, Cheers & Critiques", Peggy Seeger, http://www.pegseeger.com/html/ewancheers.html (September 27, 2004); "The Sound of the City: The Show at Joe's Pub: Reviews", Village Voice , March 5 - 11, 2003, online at Vietnam Songbook, http://www.vietnamsongbook.org/show_press.htm (September 27, 2004); Debi Boucher Stetson, "Brewster vet helps drive Kerry political engine", TownOnline.com--The Cape Codder, http://www.townonline.com/brewster/news/local_regional/cc_newcabangert01302004.htm, January 30, 2004 (September 27, 2004); Steve Gilbert, "One Of Kerry’s Band Of Brothers – Joe Bangert", The American Thinker, http://www.americanthinker.com/articles.php?article_id=3782, August 25th, 2004 (September 27, 2004); Joseph Farah, "Kerry vet aide's extremist history: Joe Bangert lived in Hanoi, revered Ho Chi Minh", WorldNetDaily, http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=40304, September 7, 2004 (September 27, 2004); "Joe Bangert", Combat Vets Against Kerry, http://www.combatvetsagainstkerry.com/bangert.htm (September 27, 2004).

²⁵⁰Airtel and attachments, Boston FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, September 21, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 6, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 06, 126-128 (September 21, 2004); Teletype, Boston FBI office to FBI Director, New York FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, October 7, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 07, 18-19 (September 21, 2004); Airtel, Atlanta FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, October 13, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 07, 123-124 (September 21, 2004). On Ellsberg and Falk, see Notes 120 and 160.

²⁵¹Airtel and attachment, Milwaukee, Wisconsin FBI office Special Agents in Charge to FBI Acting Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) National Steering Committee Meeting, July 21-24, 1972, Milwaukee, Wisconsin”, August 14, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 34, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 34, 14-72 (esp. 38, 53) (September 21, 2004); Teletype, Atlanta FBI office to FBI Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, November 26, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 10, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 10, 41-43 (September 4, 2004); Airtel and attachment, Jacksonville, Florida FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), Gainsville, Florida”, November 24, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 11, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 11, 162-184 (esp. 166) (September 4, 2004). Cf. Nicosia, Home to War, 248.

²⁵²See Notes 236 and 237.

²⁵³Teletype, Los Angeles FBI office to FBI Director, April 17, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 02, 265-271 (September 21, 2004); Memo, Cincinnati FBI Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Veterans Against the War (VAW), Columbus, Ohio, Unidentified Map Containing Possible Targets Found, Columbus, Ohio”, April 30, 1971 and Letterhead Memorandum, Cincinnati, Ohio FBI office, “Veterans Against the War (VAW), Columbus, Ohio, Unidentified Map Containing Possible Targets Found, Columbus, Ohio”, May 14, 1971, “Franklin County Highway Map”, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 04, 38-43, 55-74 (September 21, 2004).

²⁵⁴Teletype, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania FBI office to FBI Director, “Anti-War March and Demonstration in Harrisburg, PA., September 8 Instant – Fourteen Next, Sponsored by Pennsylvania Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, September 10, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 6, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 06, 18-20 (September 21, 2004). On McLaughlin, the Berrigans, Clark, and the Harrisburg 8, see "Harrisburg [PA] Defense Committee Records, 1970-1973", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/CDGA.A-L/harrisburgdefensecomm.htm (September 7, 2004); Note 69.

²⁵⁵See Notes 12-18 and Stacewicz, 294-295; FReeper Sabertooth, “Sen. Stennis Shot in DC (1973 AFVN Radio Transcript)”, FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1104168/posts, March 24, 2004 (October 10, 2004).

²⁵⁶See Note 16.

²⁵⁷Nicosia, “Veteran in Conflict”.

²⁵⁸Nicosia, Home to War, 114-115, 117-118, 130, 150-152; Stacewicz, 249; Teletype, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma FBI office to FBI Director, FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, “Regional Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Convention Sponsored by Oklahoma VVAW, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla., November Five, Six, Seven, Seventyone”, November 8, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 9 online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 09, 11-13 (September 21, 2004).

²⁵⁹“Kerry, John Forbes”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1988; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 412.

²⁶⁰See Note 19.

²⁶¹See Notes 19 and 20. On the April 22, 1972 demonstration, cf. Teletype, New York FBI office to FBI Director, FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, Houston FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, April 4, 1972, attached to Informative Note, Domestic Intelligence Division, April 4, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 14, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 14, 357-360 (September 4, 2004); Airtel with attachments, Denver, Colorado FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), National Steering Committee Meeting: Denver, Colorado: February 18-21, 1972”, March 17, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 15, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 15, 67-156 (esp. 102) (September 4, 2004); Airtel and attachments, Houston FBI office Special Agent in Charge, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), National Steering Committee Meeting, Houston, Texas, April 7-11, 1972”, May 11, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 23, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 23, 162-222 (esp. 220) (September 4, 2004); Teletype, author deleted to FBI Director, FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, New York FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, April 16, 1972, attached to Informative Note, Domestic Intelligence Division, April 17, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 15, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 15, 228- 230(September 4, 2004).

²⁶²Airtel and attachments, Denver FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), National Steering Committee Meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 18-21, 1972”, March 17, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 15, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 15, 67-156 (esp. 80-84) (September 4, 2004); Airtel and attachments, Houston FBI office Special Agent in Charge, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), National Steering Committee Meeting, Houston, Texas, April 7-11, 1972”, May 11, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 23, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 23, 162-222 (esp. 173-176) (September 4, 2004).

²⁶³Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 420.

²⁶⁴Cf. Cram, interview; Gregory, interview; Memo and attachments, Boston FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, subject deleted, February 28, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 14, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 14, 103-108 (esp. 80-84) (September 4, 2004). On Gregory see Nicosia, Home to War, 72; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 382, 438-440, 444, 463; Crowley.

²⁶⁵Stacewicz, 310-311.

²⁶⁶Stacewicz, 295-296, 303-305; Letterhead Memorandum, Kansas City, Missouri FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Steering Committee Meeting: Kansas City, Missouri: November 12, 13, 14, 1971”, November 18, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 11, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 11, 190-197 (September 4, 2004).

²⁶⁷Teletype, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania FBI office to FBI Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, January 26, 1972 and Teletype, FBI Director to New York and Philadelphia FBI office Special Agents in Charge, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, January 26, 1972, attached to Informative Note, FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, January 27, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 13, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 13, 68-72 (September 4, 2004).

²⁶⁸Stacewicz, 304; Airtel with attachments, Denver, Colorado FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), National Steering Committee Meeting: Denver, Colorado: February 18-21, 1972”, March 17, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 15, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 15, 67-156 (September 4, 2004).

²⁶⁹Airtel with attachments, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, March 15, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 14, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 14, 221-224 (September 4, 2004).

²⁷⁰Stacewicz, 304; Airtel with attachments, Houston, Texas FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Acting Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) National Steering Committee Meeting: Houston, Texas: April 7-11, 1972”, May 11, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 23, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 23, 162-222 (September 4, 2004); Airtel, Denver FBI office to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Demonstration Against General William C. Westmoreland, Chief of Staff, Department of the Army, Denver, Colorado, April Eighteen, Seventytwo”, April 17, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 15, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 15, 211-215 (September 4, 2004); Teletype, New York FBI office to FBI Acting Director and FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, August 7, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 27, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 27, 137-140 (September 4, 2004).

²⁷¹Stacewicz, .346-393, Nicosia, Home to War, 226-229, 273, 312-313, 489-490.

²⁷²Airtel with attachments, Denver, Colorado FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), National Steering Committee Meeting: Denver, Colorado: February 18-21, 1972”, March 17, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 15, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 15, 67-156 (esp. 89-91, 99-102, 105, 113) (September 4, 2004); Airtel with attachments, Houston, Texas FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Acting Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) National Steering Committee Meeting: Houston, Texas: April 7-11, 1972”, May 11, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 23, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 23, 162-222 (esp. 204-205) (September 4, 2004).

²⁷³Airtel with attachments, Denver, Colorado FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), National Steering Committee Meeting: Denver, Colorado: February 18-21, 1972”, March 17, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 15, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 15, 67-156 (esp. 89-91, 99-102, 105, 113) (September 4, 2004); Letter, Vietnam Veterans Against the War National Clearinghouse to National Peace Action Coalition, et al, March 4, 1972, attached to Airtel, author deleted to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, March 20, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 14, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 14, 324-351 (esp. 327) (September 4, 2004); Airtel with attachments, Houston, Texas FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Acting Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) National Steering Committee Meeting: Houston, Texas: April 7-11, 1972”, May 11, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 23, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 23, 162-222 (esp. 204-205) (September 4, 2004).

²⁷⁴Stacewicz, 367-387; Nicosia, Home to War, 226-229, 273, 312-313, 489-490. On the VVAW’s links to the Symbionese Liberation Army, see Stacewicz, 328, 380; Jim Martin, “America’s Al-Qaeda: The SLA-Venceremos Connection”, FlatlandBooks.Com, http://www.flatlandbooks.com/venceremos.html, 2003 (September 26, 2004); FReeper Sabertooth, “Joseph Remiro – From VVAW Member to SLA Assassin”, FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1104805/posts, March 24, 2004 (October 10, 2004).

²⁷⁵ Stacewicz, 283-284; Teletype, New York FBI office to FBI Director, FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, Houston FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, April 4, 1972, attached to Informative Note, Domestic Intelligence Division, April 4, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 14, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 14, 357-360 (September 4, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, Kansas City, Missouri FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Steering Committee Meeting: Kansas City, Missouri: November 12, 13, 14, 1971”, November 18, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 11, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 11, 190-197 (esp. 193) (September 4, 2004); Airtel with attachments, Denver, Colorado FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), National Steering Committee Meeting: Denver, Colorado: February 18-21, 1972”, March 17, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 15, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 15, 67-156 (esp. 100-103) (September 4, 2004); Airtel with attachments, Houston, Texas FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Acting Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) National Steering Committee Meeting: Houston, Texas: April 7-11, 1972”, May 11, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 23, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 23, 162-222 (esp. 176-178, 205-207, 211, 218-219) (September 4, 2004).

²⁷⁶Cf. Teletype, FBI Washington Field Office to FBI Acting Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, June 26, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 21, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 21, 273-274 (September 4, 2004); Airtel with attachments, Houston, Texas FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Acting Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) National Steering Committee Meeting: Houston, Texas: April 7-11, 1972”, May 11, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 23, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 23, 162-222 (esp. 204) (September 4, 2004). On COLIFAM, see Note 116.

²⁷⁷ Stacewicz, 283-284; Airtel with attachments, Houston, Texas FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Acting Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) National Steering Committee Meeting: Houston, Texas: April 7-11, 1972”, May 11, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 23, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 23, 162-222 (esp. 218-219); Teletype, FBI Acting Director to Detroit, New York and Kansas City FBI office Special Agents in Charge, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, June 21, 1972 and Teletype, New York FBI office to FBI Acting Director and FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, June 26, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 21, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 21, 25-29, 182-187 (September 4, 2004). On Fonda’s relationship to the VVAW during this period, see Teletype, St. Louis, Missouri FBI office to FBI Acting Director and New York FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, May 12, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 19, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 19, 73 (September 4, 2004); Airtel with attachments, Houston, Texas FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Acting Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) National Steering Committee Meeting: Houston, Texas: April 7-11, 1972”, May 11, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 23, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 23, 162-222 (esp. 189) (September 4, 2004); Teletype, New York FBI office to FBI Acting Director and FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, August 7, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 27, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 27, 137-140 (September 4, 2004). Cf. Fred Lawrence Guiles, Jane Fonda: The Actress in Her Time, Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1982, 227; “Jane Fonda Chrono”, Woodstock Journal, http://www.woodstockjournal.com/pdf/jane-fonda2.pdf (September 17, 2004).

²⁷⁸Airtel with attachments, Houston, Texas FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Acting Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) National Steering Committee Meeting: Houston, Texas: April 7-11, 1972”, May 11, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 23, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 23, 162-222 (esp. 176-178, 202-203) (September 4, 2004). On the World Peace Council, see Note 45.

²⁷⁹Airtel with attachments, Denver, Colorado FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), National Steering Committee Meeting: Denver, Colorado: February 18-21, 1972”, March 17, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 15, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 15, 67-156 (esp. 79, 86) (September 4, 2004); Airtel with attachments, Houston, Texas FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Acting Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) National Steering Committee Meeting: Houston, Texas: April 7-11, 1972”, May 11, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 23, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 23, 162-222 (esp. 190, 211-212, 219-220) (September 4, 2004). On the Venceremos Brigade, see Notes 98 and 99.

²⁸⁰Airtel with attachments, Houston, Texas FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Acting Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) National Steering Committee Meeting: Houston, Texas: April 7-11, 1972”, May 11, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 23, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 23, 162-222 (esp. 211-214) (September 4, 2004). On the Palestine Liberation Front, see “Palestine Liberation Front”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Front (October 8, 2004).

²⁸¹Airtel and attachments, Boston FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “National Action/Research on the Military Industrial Complex (NARMIC)”, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 7, 49-56 (September 4, 2004); FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 15, (September 4, 2004); Teletype, San Antonio FBI office to FBI Director and FBI Domestic Intelligence Division, “Reaction by Anti-War Groups, Austin, Texas, To U.S. Bombing of North Vietnam”, April 18, 1972, attached to Informative Note, Domestic Intelligence Division, April 19, 1972 and Airtel, FBI Director to Manila and Tokyo Legats, “Ad Hoc Military Buildup Committee (AHMBC)”, April 24, 1972 and Teletype, Sacramento, California FBI office to FBI Director and New Haven, Connecticut FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, April 22, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 16, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 16, 112-116, 191-192 and 197 (September 4, 2004). On National Action/Research on the Military Industrial Complex, see Powell, 173; Entry for “American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)” in ”Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive.

²⁸²Stacewicz, 296-301; Nicosia, Home to War; Nicosia, “Veteran in Conflict”; Memo and attachments, FBI Washington Field Office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Inc. (VVAW) aka”, January 27, 1972 and Memo, R.L. Shackleford to Mr. E.S. Miller, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, February 8, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 13, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 13, 46-52, 131-132 (September 4, 2004).

²⁸³See Note 261.

²⁸⁴Stacewicz, 264-265; Nicosia, Home to War, 224-226.

²⁸⁵Stacewicz, 305-313; Nicosia, Home to War, 229-282; FBI files, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, FBI HQ 100-448092, Sections 21-48, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/fbifiles/100-HQ-448092/Section%20037/SECTION%20037.pdf, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Sections 21-48 (September 4, 2004). Cf. FBI files, “John Lennon”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/lennon.htm (September 5, 2004).

²⁸⁶See Notes 231 and 260.

²⁸⁷Stacewicz, 310, 313; Nicosia, Home to War, 242, 245.

²⁸⁸See Notes 105 and 265.

²⁸⁹Letter, Acting FBI Director L. Patrick Gray III to Assistant to the President H.R. Haldeman, May 31, 1972 and Memo, author deleted to E.S. Miller, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, May 31, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 20, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 20, 19-20, 286-287 (September 4, 2004).

²⁹⁰Mary McGrory, “McCord Creates a Desert”, Washington Star, May 23, 1973; Jack Anderson, “Nailing the Vets”, New York Post, July 11, 1973; Len Colodny and Robert Getlin, Silent Coup: The Removal of a President, foreword by Roger Morris, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 96, 101; Stacewicz, 344-345, 448n26-27; Nicosia, Home to War, 264-265; “Kerry, Watergate: DNC Links Caused Break-In? 'Republican Paranoia Started Early,' Says '72 Democratic Youth Director Bob Weiner”, U.S. Newswire, http://releases.usnewswire.com/GetRelease.asp?id=26038, February 9, 2004 (September 5, 2004). On O’Brien and the Watergate break-ins, see Jim Hougan, Secret Agenda: Watergate, Deep Throat and the CIA, New York: Random House, 1984, 105-107, 123-124;Colodny and Getlin, 1991, 101-102, 133-138, 148; Mark Riebling, Wedge: The Secret War Between the FBI and CIA, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994, 296-297.

²⁹¹Stacewicz, 314-345; Nicosia, Home to War, 229-233, 247-282.

²⁹²Stacewicz, 340; Nicosia, Home to War, 232, 263-264. On the Center for Constitutional Rights, see “Our History”, CCR, http://www.ccr-ny.org/v2/about/history.asp (October 10, 2004). On Kunstler, see Note 243. On Weiss, see Note 116.

²⁹³Airtel with attachments, Miami, Florida FBI office Special Agent in Charge to FBI Acting Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, September 15, 1972, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 31, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 31, 275-279 (September 4, 2004).

²⁹⁴Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 416-420; Brian C. Mooney, “First campaign ends in defeat”, June 18, 2003, Part 4 of “John F. Kerry: Candidate in the Making”, The Boston Globe, http://www.boston.com/globe/nation/packages/kerry/061803.shtml, June 15-21, 2003 (August 5, 2004).

²⁹⁵See Note 20.

²⁹⁶See Note 21.

²⁹⁷See Note 22.

[Fedora]

Ping.

Thanks to those who helped with the research and to the wintersoldier.com site for making the FBI files accessible.

Apologies for the footnotes being spread out--I had a problem importing them from Word and finally got them to import by pasting them into Outlook Express first.