Obviously the first place to look is Genesis Chap. 3. God had created a place where He and His creation were in a harmonious relationship, and that relationship was broken through the actions of Adam and Eve. Now, while I certainly do not believe that Adam's (or Eve's) sin itself was passed on down through the ages even to us, I do believe that that relationship that existed between God and His creation was broken, and that brokenness has continually effected creation, especially down to us.
I mean, what is the Bible about, really, from beginning to end? It is about God's effort to deal with man's sin in a way that is both righteous and merciful and ultimately restores that broken relationship He had with His creation. We were created to be in the garden with God. And, since we are not, we are trying to recapture that relationship that we were created for with something, anything.
From there, I would point to Jesus' parable of the Prodigal Son in Luke 15:11-31. There are bucket-fulls of meaning here, but I think the over arching meaning, especially in light of its placement directly after the parables of the lost sheep and the lost coin, is that we too are children of the Father who have become lost and, after seeing our pathetic surroundings, where even the food of pigs start to look good to us, we come to the realization that there has to be something, somewhere, that is better that what we've got now. So, like the son who comes begging back to his father in the parable, we too come begging for something, anything, that will satisfy our needs.
From there I would point to Romans chapters one and two, which I had mentioned before. We are all given two lights of knowledge of God, the light of creation (Romans 1:20) and the light of conscience (Romans 2:14,15). This is everybody now, after the fall, from the tribesmen of Africa to the teacher at Berkley, all have some inner knowledge of God. Now, I would agree with you to a point that people are not looking toward the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob as their source for their knowledge of God, but they are keenly aware that there is something beyond themselves and their physical realm. Like I said before, no anthropologist has ever come upon a tribe of atheists. Ever.
I'm sure I could find more, but that's basically the best I can do off the top of my head (I don't have access to my library at this very moment). But, just as a starting point, what do you think so far?