Your quote from the NY convention in no way implies the State of NY has ANY ability or right to resume a sovereignty which it NEVER had.
The Theoretic description of all power flowing from the people does not mean any State has the right to contravene the instrument of that People, the Constitution. It only means that the American people can resume the power to change the document or get rid of it. This certainly gives NO state the right to fire on American troops.
The description of the state's retention of some sovereignty within the state is seperated from the description of the People's right to change their government. The first part of the sentence speaks of the "People" (the American people) while the second specifies the "...People of the several states..."
And the silly claim that because the non-existent right of secession is not expressly forbidden it is allowed is as ludicrous as the claim that because the power to enforce borders is not expressly affirmed it is forbidden.
Bravo Sierra and John Brown! From the Articles of Confederation, 'Each State retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every power, jurisdiction and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.'
Each state - independent of all others, retained its sovereignty not expressly delegated. The remainder was DELEGATED (meaning the state possessed it previously). It's simple math: 99%sovereign + 1%sovereign = 100%sovereign.