If laser point defenses can be perfected, CVNs might survive - they have enough power keep up firing.
But fight now they are huge targets - and single points of failure. Mission kill a carrier and the rest of the task group loses reason for being.
Yeah, that mission kill is always ignored by the CVN supporters. Flight decks, like runways, are an easy target.
No need to sink the thing, just stop flight operations and it is a floating scrap yard.