Africa is a mess.... it is finally moving in the right direction... but can it be sustained? History, sadly points to no.... I hope they are able to break that cycle, I truly do.
South Africa's GDP topped $400 billion USD in 2011 but has remained below $300 billion in 2017 and 2018. This has absolutely NOTHING to do with the expropriation of PRODUCTIVE South Africans from their land.
The Europeans, particularly the British, left their former colonies in Africa, generally in good shape. Greed (on the part of ambitious warlords like Idi Amin, for example) and lack of ambition on the part of many Africans, has resulted in a 'failed' continent.
A former acquaintance, a black man from Liberia, often speaks of Africans operating on 'African time'.It is similar to what we call 'Native' time in Western Canada. In other words, if you have an appointment at 9:00AM, 'African' time means arriving any time from 9;00AM until 11:30AM. It makes absolutely no difference. No surprise that it is a 'failed' continent.
Jordan Peterson, among others, has discussed the differences in IQ. Statistically, Blacks have an average IQ that is 15 points below the average 'Caucasian. It is not 'politically correct' to speak such statistics but the stats are what they are.