Posted on 06/24/2006 5:39:02 PM PDT by brain bleeds red
Breaking the Light Speed Barrier
with David Sereda
by Diane M. Cooper
How do alien spacecraft get into our Solar System from those galaxies far, far away?
David Sereda thinks he has found the answer to this question.
In this technically satisfying but extremely readable interview, Sereda describes some of the experiences with alternative energy that eventually led to his "revelation" about the way alien spacecraft maneuver. And he explains to us just exactly how they may be able to move at the speed of light.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The spacecraft painting is © Douglas Taylor and used with permission. Along with many others, it may be viewed at Taylor's website, SoulicJourneys.com. You also may read Douglas Taylor's Story of his own contact experiences in this issue of the Spirit of Ma'at.
Diane: David, how did you get involved in the study of UFOs?
David: Initially I got involved in UFOs because I saw one in Berkeley, California, in 1968 on my way home from elementary school. It was a clear day in California, and my friend Tommy and I noticed a large crowd of people pointing at the sky. There was a clear metallic disc hovering there for a good twenty minutes. After we watched it for a while it just blinked out.
I had some interesting dreams after that dreams of one set of colored lights spinning one way and another set of colored lights spinning the other way on the same axis and I never knew exactly what those dreams meant until much later in my life.
But I never forgot it. And that's how my interest began.
Diane: I understand you have an extensive scientific background that you have been exposed to some of the most brilliant scientists in the United States and that you have been involved in research around a new form of energy. Could you tell us a little about that project and how it ultimately influenced your involvement in the NASA UFOs. We'd like to know about this because it provides a lot of credibility to your personal research.
David: I worked on environmental issues most of my life. And at one point I worked for a group of physicists who were involved with non-radioactive, helium-free fusion. A scientist from MIT named Dr. Bogdan Maglich had invented a new type of nuclear energy fusion reactor that could produce in one square meter a gigawat a jillion watts of energy. That is the amount of energy put out by a full-scale nuclear reactor!
Maglich spent 27 million dollars on three or four prototypes, and he got to the point in the late 1980s where he was one experiment away from actually proving a working power-plant model. At that point, the U.S. Air Force, at the request of Major G. Lamberson at Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, NM, spent almost three million dollars doing computer feasibility studies on the prototypes. And the results were astounding, ground-breaking work on fusion power. A lot of the research was "classified," but it basically proved that the next model would succeed. There was no reason for failure.
The head of NASA at the time was Gene Fletcher, and he put a request before Congress that they fund the next phase, because it would provide NASA with the ultimate space-based power system. Congress turned Fletcher down, and continued to turn his down for three years in a row.
I actually got to speak to Congress on this issue in 1993. I spoke with a panel of brilliant physicists about the debate concerning Tokomak Fusion[1], which is basically the main thrust of fusion research in this country. Most of the government funding is monopolized for Tokomak Fusion, with most of the work and experiments being done at Princeton University.
Two fuels are fused deuterium, which is the isotope of hydrogen sometimes called "heavy hydrogen," and tritium, which is radioactive hydrogen. Ninety percent of all the energy that comes out of that reaction is pure radioactivity, so it is not an environmental option whatsoever. But the public has been led to believe that this type of fusion will supply them with a safe environmental energy source.
We were fighting for a different kind of fusion one that had met most of its criteria in its experimental models for a fraction of the cost, and was literally the cleanest, most environmentally friendly form of fusion that is, Deuterium and Helium Free Fusion. According to the National Resource Defense Council studies on nuclear fuel cycles, Helium Free is the cleanest of all nuclear fuels.
So we had scores of Nobel Laureate prize winners supporting it, including Murray Gell-Mann (Nobel Prize, Physics, 1969), and Glen Seaborg, who chaired the Atomic Energy Commission under Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon. The list of supporters went on and on. Yet despite that, no one in Congress would fund it. So I formed a company in 1992 with a wealthy Saudi individual, and we went out and had meetings with the richest people in the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Europe, and tried to get them to fund it. And no one would do it.
Diane: So you were looking for funding for alternative forms of nuclear fusion?
David: Yes, fuels that are far more advanced than gasoline and hydrogen or any of the fuels we use today.
For instance, nine grams of Helium3 can produce the same amount of energy as a thousand barrels of crude oil. But you have to know how to extract it. That's the trick.
If we would have put the money into this ten years ago back in 1989 we'd have these types of power plants in all our major cities, and we'd all have the cheapest form of electricity.
So my background comes from being around physicists and learning physics from a business perspective, and for public relations and communications. To do this, I had to learn a lot about science, and I was around many of the biggest names in this field.
Around 1994 or 1995, I was introduced to Martin Stubbs, who was a program manager of a cable TV station and had archived hundreds of hours of space shuttle missions. He had studied the tapes and found there were UFOs appearing during several missions. A professional photographer friend, Michael Boyle, phoned me and suggested I take a look at these films.
Diane: So what did you begin to see?
David: There is one piece of footage in which two astronauts are repairing the Hubble space telescope, and we hear them referring to an object which is out in front of them. You then hear all these interjections from Houston Control or Alabama, telling the astronauts not to worry about it to keep focusing on the mission.
On the film you can see this light going behind them, and later we hear some comment about a camera filter coming off.
It's so typical in these transmissions that you get ridiculous statements coming from NASA that don't make any sense at all and are just thrown out there to confuse the issue. Camera filters are one of the hardest items to unscrew by accident it doesn't happen. I've used cameras semiprofessionally for over twenty years, and it just never happens.
And further, if an astronaut had seen it, he would have identified it, and once a camera filter gets too far away you wouldn't see it anymore.
The image you see is a big bright flashing blob that's going behind them in the far background. The cameras are nowhere near, and are all on board the shuttle, so the comment about its being a camera lens just doesn't make any sense. You get these nonsensical comments like that all the time.
On one film, I saw an object zipping around the curvature of the Earth and disappearing on the other side while moving over earth space at a distance I calculated at just under a thousand miles, at just under four seconds.
Diane: Is it possible that the astronauts can't see these objects, perhaps?
David: The cameras are shooting in black and white. These are cameras that are sensitive to looking at light in the infrared that is invisible to the human eye. The visible wavelengths go from the color red to the color violet. I also have confirmed that these cameras can see into the near ultraviolet, which is almost a whole bandwidth higher than the human eye can see.
So, yes, it's possible that what I was seeing on film were objects that were invisible to the eyes of the astronauts on the Columbia.
Diane: In your lecture, I saw a piece of fascinating film concerning a satellite and a tether. Would you talk about that please?
David: There was a satellite that came untethered and was drifting away from the shuttle. In this footage the satellite, with a 12-mile-long tether, is approximately 77 miles away, and drifting to 100 miles away, from the shuttle. In the film footage, you can see swarms of these balls of light moving around, flying by at different velocities, some very slow and some very fast. They are pulsing, and actually look as though they are spinning.
When the camera zooms in on them, we can clearly see that they are disc-shaped objects passing behind the tether. And it is so important to understand what this means when we see they are going behind the tether.
You see, we know where the satellite is in relationship to the shuttle, and that is drifting 100 miles away from the camera, so we know the objects we are looking at cannot be any closer to the shuttle than that. And because we know the distances, we can measure some of the minimum diameters of those objects.
If they are right up behind the tether (which it is doubtful) they would measure between two and three miles in diameter. But if they are further behind the tether, then they are way bigger than that. There is just no end to how much bigger they could be, because we don't know exactly how far back they are. All we know is that these clearly disc-shaped objects pulsing with amazing energy waves are passing behind the tether.
Literally they are massive things. If they became visible down on Earth, they'd block out the entire sky. But if they are only detectable in the infrared or ultraviolet ranges, than no one on Earth would even know they were there.
Diane: Which would explain why no one sees them.
David: Just like the UFO I saw that disappeared right in front of my eyes and the eyes of a hundred spectators. Where did it go? We know where it went it went to another dimension of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Diane: I saw the film of the NASA UFOs when you lectured here in Sedona, and had some very interesting sensations and dreams that occurred within twenty-four hours of watching those films. It reminded me of watching blood cells under a microscope. It has left me with a very odd, familiar feeling.[2]
Could you talk more about the shape and what you discovered about it?
David: Essentially, we can start with aircraft and aviation and spacecraft today. We're used to seeing physical objects move with certain characteristics because we live in the physical dimension.
Einstein's law prohibited mass, or "solid objects," from attaining the speed of light because as you move mass faster and faster in the physical, you encounter resistance. When you move a boat through water, the water impedes the boat. The faster you go, the harder it becomes to move, because the water's resistance increases. It becomes more and more difficult to push the boat through the water.
When you move an aircraft through air mass, the same thing happens. Our speed limit in air is much higher than it is with water, but air mass impedes an aircraft in the same way that water impedes a boat.
It was extremely difficult to break the sound barrier, which is 660 miles per hour. When we try to get space craft to go anywhere near the speed of light, it just gets extremely difficult. You can actually get close to it, but it will cost you an enormous amount of energy.
In 1989, I had a conversation with Dr. Earl VanLandingham of NASA. He's now retired, but at that time he was the head of Propulsion Power and Energy, and went on to become head of Space Access and Technology for all of NASA.
When I asked VanLandingham about the ET question, he said that when you consider the amount of energy it takes for a spacecraft to arrive at Earth from another star system, the energy system emitting from the craft would be so massive we would detect the signal well in advance of the spacecraft's arrival.
Our nearest stars are Alpha Centauri A and B. They are 4.2 and 4.3 light years from earth. That means that even if you could do the speed of light, it would take you 4.3 years to get there, and that would be if you were in a constant mode of space travel just doing the speed of light.
Particle Accelerators accelerate subatomic particles to faster and faster velocities and basically slam them into each other. In experimentation, scientists basically accelerate protons, which are the main portion of the atom, and get them up to 99 percent of the speed of light. But it costs a trillion electron-volts of energy to get them there.
How much energy is a trillion electron volts? It is five thousand times more energy then is released in a nuclear explosion. Nuclear explosions release 200 million volts of energy, which is staggering as far as we are concerned.
So to produce a trillion electron volts and we can only produce that much for about a second costs an enormous amount of energy. If a space ship were using this type of technology to get close to the speed of light and visit us from another star system, they would have an energy signal of over a trillion electron-volts pulsating from their craft in a continuous stream of energy. And that is something that every amateur radio astronomer and every radio oscilloscope would pick up well in advance of the arrival of a spacecraft.
That's exactly what Dr. VanLandingham said, and we've never seen anything like that.
So what I propose is a new theory in the field of physics, and the UFO field, in particular. I propose that somehow these craft are able to convert their mass into light. Essentially, once you can make a spacecraft into a photon a particle of light then according to Einstein's theory they weigh in at zero mass.
If something weighs in at zero mass, getting it to do the speed of light in Einstein's formula costs next to no energy maybe a couple of volts.
So my concept is that what these ETs are doing is taking steel or metallic spacecraft and basically reducing their mass down to zero before they even try to move them around. And once they reduce their mass to zero, then they can go at lightspeed on a very small amount of energy.
What that tells us, if that is what they are doing, is that they can convert their mass into light. They also can disappear into different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, just as I witnessed in Berkeley, California, on that day in 1968.
Further, the pilots or occupants would not experience any G forces. G force is the gravity force you get when you're going at a high velocity and you start turning. You can experience that even in your car when you try to make a turn doing seventy miles an hour. Your body will be pushing off to one side. In an aircraft you go much faster, and when you try to turn, the forces of gravity cause you to experience this force which is very physical.
If you were a spacecraft doing three thousand miles an hour and you did a sudden turn, if you had mass, your spacecraft would explode. The atoms would simply implode on each other and you would have a nuclear fission and fusion explosion as a result of the turn.
So I propose that if the spacecraft has reduced its mass to zero and become pure light energy, and if it can make a 90-degree turn and experience no G force, it must be able to go right through solid objects. It can disappear be invisible and it can attain light speed on a small amount of energy.
If a craft were visiting us from another star system and had the kind of properties I'm talking about, it would not be detectable in the energy sense that Einstein equates to E=mc² i.e., that energy is equal to mass times the speed of light squared. When you run a zero-mass spacecraft through this formula, of course, your energy comes out as zero.
When I considered the amount of energy you need in a physical model to move a spacecraft at the speed of light, I can't even accept that that type of energy is even attainable for more than a couple of seconds.
Wormholes are another very exotic form of space travel proposed by modern physicists, but that would cost you the energy that a hundred billion suns put out for an entire year. Our galaxy has a hundred billion suns in it, so they are saying that to produce a worm hole you need all that energy for an entire year of every star in our galaxy. The numbers are so ridiculous and impossible that I cannot accept that that is how these UFOs are doing it.
The reason NASA cannot accept the UFO phenomenon is because they are stuck in Einsteinian physics. They cannot see another way out of this. So when they look at the UFO phenomenon, they say it can't be real because Einstein's law says if they are moving at that speed we should be seeing this huge energy signal, and we're not. So that's one of the main reasons the presence of UFOs is negated and mainstream physicists don't take this seriously.
However, if you look at what I'm proposing that mass can turn into light and be reduced to zero then you have a whole new set of possibilities.
Diane: Isn't that essentially what is proposed by the idea ascension?
David: It is. There are stories of masters and yogis who have been able to do exactly this with their own bodies. Christ in his resurrected body can literally appear anywhere on the planet in a blink of an eye because that body is made of pure light and can move around. It is free of the laws of physical matter.
In the Autobiography of a Yogi by Paramahansa Yogananda[3] there are many stories of yogis who could do the same thing.
So where does this go next? How do you convert mass into light? This is where I've had a major revelation in physics. It's going to be hard to do in an interview, but I'm going to try.
Everything in front of you right now everything that you see that appears physical is just waves when you look at it at a micro-atomic level.
When we look into any substance we see atoms. Initially, we saw that the atoms were made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The proton is a positively charged nucleus that has an electron spinning around it at an incredible speed, like a little planet, in an essentially wave-particle relationship.
All of those waves have frequencies.
Our planet Earth is a giant particle moving through a wave relationship. The wave is actually the energy sphere that the planet is moving through a path, if you will.
This relationship shows up everywhere you look. The brain is like a particle of mass and actually produces a wave. The Galaxy itself is the ultimate wave-particle relationship. We see all these planets and stars and gases spinning around, getting closer and closer to a black hole.
When physicists look at even smaller particles, they aren't even particles any more they are waves. That's known as the particle-wave duality.
So the question is: If ultimately everything is just waves, what is the difference between the one thing we know that can attain the speed of light, which is a photon, and ordinary matter?
The answer is really quite amazing.
Scientists have found out that solid mass is actually in a near-zero state of frequency. In other words, its electromagnetic frequency is at or near zero.
Light, however, is high in frequency.
So, in theory, you could change the frequency of mass, turn it into a high frequency state, and it would take on the properties of photons.
The only thing we can see on this planet that escapes Earth's gravity are photons. Photons are light particle waves that are bouncing off of the Earth and going out into space and not being pulled back by the Earth's gravity. They levitate. They bounce off walls and go shooting back into space, possibly giving someone out there a picture of what the Earth looks like.
So there has to be something about these little guys that contains the answer, not only to light-speed travel but to levitation and many other phenomenal things.
In 2000 I invented a model what I call the Galaxy Clock that allows us to look at the wave-particle relationship in 3D. Today, we use what is called an oscilloscope, which allows us to look at waves, and we measure the number of peaks per second in that wave relationship. That gives us our frequency. Frequency means how frequently a wave oscillates per second (the Galaxy Clock may be viewed at UFONasa.com).
When I decided actually to look at the wave in the UFOs we're talking about two months after I made this invention I was in Maui studying with a zero-point energy scientist named Steve Okerlund. He purchased a huge TV and a thousand-dollar VCR, because we wanted to have the best freeze-frame possibilities.
We looked at the very largest UFO that was pulsating and moving all across the top of the tether on Mission SGS-75, and when we freeze-framed the waves, I was so astounded I knew exactly what I was looking at! We had three waves that kept repeating themselves over and over, and they told me everything that was happening with the craft. It was the answer to the propulsion system and how we could reverse-engineer this sort of thing ourselves.
What we saw, basically, was a series of waves that were going from a low-frequency state to a medium-high-frequency state and then to an ultra-high-frequency state which is exactly what is needed to transform mass, which is very low in frequency, to light, which is very high in frequency.
That was the revelation. I saw a clear signature of a series of transitional waves moving from low to ultra-high. The Golden Phi spiral that we see when we run the image through a wave clock is a wave in transition going from low to ultra-high.
These craft are not using rocket engines, they are pulsating the steel or metallic structure of their craft with a series of waves that, I propose, transform its mass into light.
The next thing I did was to find a scientist, John Hutchinson, the inventor of the Hutchinson effect. He's used Tesla coils, Vandegraff generators, and Tesla radio coils to pulsate objects. In one case, which is recorded on film, he pulsates a 75-pound steel cannonball with very low frequency Vandegraff waves and then medium-high-frequency radio waves and ultra-high radio waves and the cannon ball levitates! This huge piece of steel hovers above a wooden table.
And we can clearly see the revelation. We can see how these very large UFOs are silently witnessed hovering above cities, houses, and farmers' fields. There's no rocket or thrust.
So we have the first part of the answer.
Now, if you can make a space shuttle or any spacecraft levitate by raising its frequency, we would see the same relationship between mass and photons. All objects with mass fall into the Earth's gravity except for photons, and we know that photons are in a higher frequency state than mass.
The exciting thing is, once you can convert mass into light, it can leviate but it also can disappear. Once you're there, you can maintain a state of zero mass with a small amount of energy. And further, you can attain the speed of light on very small amounts of Einsteinian, or physical, energy. This is how I believe the UFOs are doing it.
Diane: I am aware that you researched back in history to see where these disc-shaped objects appeared previously.
David: Yes. What we wondered next is where these visitors came from. I was working on a FOX TV special, on a show called "UFOs: The Best Evidence Caught on Tape - II," which aired in April 2000. They created a segment on me and the NASA UFO material. In the middle of the research, one of the researchers came up and showed me a picture of an ancient artifact with a physical identical match to the NASA UFOs. That was another astounding find.
When we look at the NASA images, we see a large, round, translucent disc of light with a black hole in the center and a rectangular notch cut out of the side. When we freeze-framed that, we saw a spiraling wave radiating off the center of the black hole.
The picture of the ancient artifact that was brought to my attention is something called a Dropa stone.[4] Several of these were found in a series of caves on the Chinese Tibetan border in 1936 by a professor of archeology at the University of Beijing.
A burial site was found, with skeletal remains of tiny people with large, bulbous heads. Initially, they thought they were apes, but apes don't bury one another. Then they discovered, in interlocking caves, these Dropa stone discs that were round with a hole in the middle, and some had a rectangular notch cut out of the side and some had a spiraling groove of closely-written characters not unlike hieroglyphics inside of the spiral. So we had a perfect match. It was really incredible.
It took many years to translate the characters in the spiral. Someone had to study the local language and actually determine what was written on the discs. In 1947, an English scientist named Dr. Karyl Robbin-Evans went to study the Dropa stones, and, later the people from the area. He learned that these ancient artifacts were artistic impressions of a giant spacecraft that crash-landed in their mountains twelve thousand years ago, whose inhabitants came from the star system Sirius.
In 1996, in England, we had a crop circle with the exact same markings the same degree of spiral, right down to the black hole in the middle, all identical to the Dropa stone and the NASA UFOs.
Because we make this connection to Sirius, I ended up reading Robert Temple's book The Sirius Mystery[5], which tells us the earliest gods and goddesses that educated humankind were from the star system Sirius and were the builders of the Great Pyramid. The Goddess Isis and her husband, Osirus, are said to be from the star system Sirius, as well.
Then I looked at the Dogon Tribe of Mali in northwest Africa, who actually migrated from pre-dynastic Egypt because they wanted to keep safe the knowledge that came from the original builders of the pyramid and the original gods of the star system Sirius.
They actually prophesized the return of the Syrian gods and goddesses. And Lo and behold! the space shuttle during the tether/satellite incident was actually flying over the motherland where the Syrian gods and goddesses are said to be from. We can hear this from NASA's commentary on the film.
As a further "coincidence," I took some research from Richard Hoagland. Three years after the tether incident, he announced that space mission STS-96 was being launched at the precise time when the star system Sirius was 33.33 degrees from Cape Canaveral. Well, the founding fathers who wrote the United States Constitution were all highest-degree Masons, and the number 33.33 is the highest symbol of enlightenment in Masonic wisdom. So I do not believe this timing could have been a coincidence. I believe NASA was using this type of communication literally to tell the star system Sirius that we understand who they are.
Diane: There is such an incredible amount of evidence showing the existence of other beings? Why, then, do you suppose there is so much denial about it?
David: Well, there's a lot of fear. There's also the control issue. The people who have direct experiences with extraterrestrials or interdimentional beings don't seem to be working for universities or for NASA.
The way our societal structure is set up, people think the folks at the top should be notified first everyone wants the UFO to land on the White House lawn, because to us that is the top of the hierarchy. But from the ET point of view, that's obviously not true. They don't seem to be interested in those people very much. They perhaps want to communicate a message to those people, but obviously the ones they really are interested in are individuals selected for their level of awareness.
So until this contact happens to the most important people in our society, they probably won't acknowledge it's happening to anyone.
Meanwhile, it is happening. Many people have had encounters.
Diane: Well, there is some talk that contact actually has happened to our world leaders.
David: And also to astronauts, and that there's a cover-up.
I don't know about contact on an individual basis, but Jimmy Carter has said he has seen a UFO, and astronaut Gordon Cooper has actually stated in the Disclosure Project that he saw a UFO land at the end of the runway at Edwards Air Force Base when he was a pilot training to be an astronaut. It's enough to know that something is going on there.
Diane: Would you entertain the possibility that some of these vehicles are created by humans?
David: I think that's the case with some of the sightings but definitely not all of them. I don't believe that we have the capacity to make UFOs as big as some of the ones that are appearing on the NASA transmissions the ones that I propose are massive, two or three miles in diameter.
We might have antigravity technology but if we do have it and it's successful, you'd wonder why we're not using it in our military. It is also possible that there is an alternative space program, and some of the speculation says that we have bases on the Moon and Mars already, and that NASA is just a cover for the public.
But, that's all just theory. And when you have a theory, you have to set out to prove it. It's as good as any theory out there, but proving it is pretty tough work.
David Sereda was born in 1961 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. In 1964, he and his family became permanent residents of the United States. He grew up in California, and his first aspiration in life was to become an astronaut.
David's interest in space, religion, philosophy, astronomy, and science led him on his career in related fields. He has worked deeply in high technology, on environmental and humanitarian issues, and also as a professional photographer. Sereda has personally planted over a million trees in the forests of the Pacific Northwest, and is an environmental scientist of world repute.
David's discoveries and revelations have made him the subject of efforts to silence him so far, to no avail.
To read more about David Sereda and his discoveries and view the NASA UFO footage, please visit his website at UFONASA.com.
Sweet, perhaps, but he has no clue as to what an electron volt is.
Funny, that's not the definition that I learned...
Its all in the flux capacitor.
Is this an old story, or is his calendar running slow?
His assumption that UFOs are real doesn't do a great deal for his credibility. I'm not saying they don't exist, only that it's unproven and legitimate science should never be based on faith.
I'm sure this is the same power that feeds Rove's weather machine.
And now that I read a bit more, he also does not know the de Broglie wavelength math for solid objects. The "frequency" of a solid object is many times that of light, and can be a billion or more times more frequency.
Look up the de Broglie equations. It explains in part the dual nature of both photons and electrons.
Do you have links to all the mysterious NASA films he speaks of, or a link to his movie?
Please tell me in a simple paragraph why I should believe any of this?
I find the gross errors in physics to be more damning than belief in UFOs. Many UFO believers need to twist reality to justify things like where they get their power and how they can go FTL.
If we had that, there is no way that it could stay out of the NYT.
...........or perhaps the entire War on Terror is just a cover, to distract their attention! Is that why Bush, Cheney and the Neocons had the Iraelis fake 9/11?
uh huh...
Wow, that's a lotta watts... Bet he learned that from hanging out with all those brilliant scientists, huh...
Hmmm. 3000 MPH and you go nuclear?
That's news to me...
Time does funny things whe you approach light speed.
Everyone knows that!
"I worked on environmental issues most of my life"
I quit right here.
" If we had that, there is no way that it could stay out of the NYT."
That's where the Men In Black come in.
Hard to argue with that, isn't it?
Because he personally witnessed one hovering in the sky for 20 minuets in Berkeley in 1968.
...von Daniken would be proud.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.