[Swordmaker]

Below is indisputable proof of my factual claim.

I can easily dispute it. Your red line on the "M" is very poorly placed and in fact winds up at the bottom of the opening of the center of the "a", making your whole demonstration a distortion!. The same is true of your "Ka" pair... In fact, if you were being honest, your base line on the "Ka" pairing would show NO DROP at all. I will admit the cap line of the "K" does show a one pixel drop, but that is inconclusive when compared with the baseline which shows none at all across the entire word on average. Yet the offset printed Words and stroked lines both have distinctly observable drops. No apology.

[William Tell]

Swordmaker said: In fact, if you were being honest, your base line on the "Ka" pairing would show NO DROP at all."

In my post #166 I point out that one needs to take into account the errors in individual character placement horizontally before being able to conclusively determine whether kerning is taking place in the document.

Similarly, since the typist must press the SHIFT key when typing an upper case "K", one would have to consider the possibility that the key was not fully pressed or had perhaps bounced off the mechanical stops. For this reason there may be some uncertainty about where a character should appear vertically. I haven't looked to see whether there are other examples of the "Ka" pair to compare within the document.

[William Tell]

Swordmaker said: In fact, if you were being honest, your base line on the "Ka" pairing would show NO DROP at all.

I just checked quite a few examples. The "Ka" in the address field and the "Ke" in "Kenya" show the "K" striking perhaps a pixel above the following lower case letter. The "K" in "Kansas" is very high.

In fact, it appears to be the rule rather than the exception that an upper case letter followed by a lower case letter will strike slightly high. This effect would tend toward straightening out a curve at the edge of the document.

[Jeff Winston]

I can easily dispute it. Your red line on the "M" is very poorly placed and in fact winds up at the bottom of the opening of the center of the "a", making your whole demonstration a distortion!. The same is true of your "Ka" pair... In fact, if you were being honest, your base line on the "Ka" pairing would show NO DROP at all. I will admit the cap line of the "K" does show a one pixel drop, but that is inconclusive when compared with the baseline which shows none at all across the entire word on average. Yet the offset printed Words and stroked lines both have distinctly observable drops. No apology.

You make an excellent point here, two of them, actually, that a) the red line ends up at the bottom of the opening of the "a," and b) the K, overall, does not appear to be lower than the a. You are very correct in so noting.

First, though, let's go over this.

1) Do you dispute that the topmost point of the a is lower than the topmost point of the e?

2) Do you dispute that the bottommost point of the a is lower than the bottommost point of the e?

3) Do you dispute that the bottommost point of the M is lower than the bottommost point of the e?

4) Do you dispute that the top left of the M is lower than the top right of the M, or that the line I have drawn follows the slope of the top of the M?

5) Do you dispute that the bottom left of the M is lower than the bottom right of the M, or that the line I have drawn follows the slope of the bottom of the M?

6) In "Kapiolani," do you dispute that the top left of the K is lower than the top right of the K, or that the line I have drawn follows its slope?

7) Do you dispute that the bottom left of the K appears lower than the bottom right of the K, or that the line I have drawn on that letter is representative of its slope?

8) Do you dispute that the "a" in Kapiolani appears to be lower than both the p and the i?

It seems pretty clear to me that we have 8 different points that seem to substantially match my description of the facts, and 2 very proper objections by you. Your third objection is weaker, and I will show you why.

You said: "the baseline... shows [no drop] at all across the entire word on average."

This is not true. The drop is small, but can be clearly seen in the following.

Note the bottoms of the letters all the way through the second word. This assures us that we have the correct baseline.

The top line is parallel to this established baseline.

As you can see, there is a one-pixel variation between the position of the second a in Kapiolani, and the a in Maternity. But almost all of the lower-case letters have the exact same baseline from the i in Kapiolani on.

Look how much lower the tops of the a and the p are than the other lower case letters.

Note also that the first K and the first a are the ONLY letters that dip below the line.

With the baseline, then, we can actually see the curve in the word.

So why is the K not visibly lower than the a? Well, one good clue is in the next line, where in the MIDDLE of the document, the K appears to be HIGHER than the first two a's that follow it!

The truth is that there is some variation in letter height. The fact that the K does not appear to be lower than the a is therefore not at all conclusive.

The same goes for the M. Note also that the M in normal type in the word Maternity appears CLEARLY a pixel higher than the a that follows it.

If you want a much more accurate indicator, look at ALL of the capital K's and M's in the document. There are several of each. If you look at those, it becomes abundantly clear that the left side of the letters being lower than the right side is NOT normal, and is a DEFINITE indication that my point is correct.

On the basis of all of the evidence, the point, then, stands. The claim that there is no curve in the typewritten letters is incorrect.

By the way, I compliment you on (unlike PA Engineer) engaging in the actual facts rather than simply persisting in ad hominem attack.