When you get right down to it they all seceded illegally. Or so the Supreme Court ruled.
The whole issue, as I've shown you many times, was ultra vires the Supreme Court.
Imagine Chase pretending to rule that Ohio couldn't ratify the Fifteenth Amendment. Sez who?
I am sure King George III, if alive, would have agreed with the Chase & the majority.
Didn't the Supreme Jokers, also rule in favor of Affirmative Action, directly conflicting with the equal protection clause?
Of the three branches, SCOTUS is by far the biggest (bad) joke.