Until the 17th Amendment, no republic in history denied the lawmaking consent of component members.
The 17A pulled the keystone from the Framers’ Constitution.
While the Constitution and subsequent laws and court rulings still act on the states, the states have no say in the government of their creation.
https://articlevblog.com/2017/04/the-bitter-harvest-of-the-17th-amendment/
Yes indeed!
Yes.
The appointed Senators were the protectors of the 10th Amendment.
Once they were gone, all barriers to unlimited Federal expansion disappeared.
1913 really was the year of Progressive victory: Direct election of Senators; the Income Tax; The Federal Reserve.
The New Deal would have looked a lot different if none of those had been in place in 1933.