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Prayers For, To,and Through the Dead
Reformed Apologetics Thoughts of Francis Turretin Blog ^ | April 21, 2009 | Francis Turretin Fan

Posted on 04/22/2015 2:34:02 PM PDT by RnMomof7

Within Roman Catholicism (and within some other churches as well) there are prayers that are made for, through, and to the dead. We, as Reformed believers, reject all three of these categories but on different grounds. In discussing these issues with Roman Catholics it may be useful to be able to understand the different categories and to explain why it is that we reject each. We should pray for the living, to the living and true God, through the merits and intercession of Christ alone.

1. Prayers For the Dead

In Roman Catholicism, there is a belief in Purgatory. Although Roman Catholics give varying explanations, a popular perception is that purgatory is a place where, through a period of suffering, the soul is purged of sin (it's worth noting that some Roman Catholics today deny that Purgatory is either an actual place or that it has actual time, but we'll leave that for another discussion).

Those within Purgatory want to be purged of their sins (in Roman Catholic theology) but they also want to get out of there and on to heaven. So people are encouraged to pray for the souls of the deceased, for relief/escape from Purgatory. After all, apparently, this suffering can be alleviated through the granting of an indulgence to the person in purgatory.

The Bible, however, teaches that the souls of believers are, at their death made perfect in holiness and do immediately pass into glory. (See Thomas Watson's discussion, for a more detailed discussion.) Given this, prayers for dead believers are useless, since believers are already in heaven.

Furthermore, while certain folks have (from time to time) suggested that salvation is still possible in hell, it is not. Of course, this itself is not normally disputed by Roman Catholics, who recognize that there is no escape from hell itself. Thus, prayers for dead unbelievers are also useless, since unbelievers are already in hell, from which they cannot escape.

Thus, there is no third category - no third option that exists, where prayers for the deceased would have any value. Accordingly, we reject prayers for the dead as vain and superstitious, and we do not engage in such prayers.

2. Prayers To the Dead

In Roman Catholicism there are, from time to time, prayers to the dead. I would be quick to point out Mary, but this doctrine they have of the Assumption of Mary leaves it unclear whether they really consider Mary to be dead or resurrected (although, of course, as a matter of objective fact, she is dead and awaits the resurrection of the faithful). Aside from Mary, however, other saints are sometimes prayed to within Catholicism. One particularly popular saint in English-speaking countries is St. Jude (aka Judas not Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles), the patron saint of lost causes.

We, Reformed Christians, reject such prayers for several reasons. First, there is no reason at all to think that such prayers will be heard and understood by the dead. Second, not only does Scripture not encourage attempted communication with the dead, it condemns such attempts as witchcraft and necromancy. Third, the use of such prayers suggests a lack of faith in the efficacy of prayers directly to the Father. Fourth, the use of such prayers suggests a desire for the mediation of someone other than Christ, an issue that flows over into the next section, below.

This is one of those areas where Roman Catholic apologists are very eager these days to recast the issue in terms like "we're just asking our fellow believers to pray for us, are you saying that's wrong?" The answer to that question is that we do not object to asking fellow believers to pray for us. In fact, we ought to do so. James 5:16 Confess [your] faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much.

However, while many of the prayers to the dead are explicitly prayers that the dead would hear the person and pray to God for the person, that simply avoids the most grotesque abuses of the practice, such as when things are requested specifically from the saints or Mary, which are not theirs to give (such as success, grace, salvation, etc.). Those prayers (meta-prayers that request prayer by the saint to whom the prayers are offered) suffer from the objections as to the lack of warrant or example from the Scriptures as well as from the apparent view that these saints are to serve as mediators rather than Christ. As this is not a direct answer to the Romanist objections, I won't go on at greater length here.

3. Prayers Through the Dead

Roman Catholics sometimes explicitly, sometimes implicitly, offer up prayers that are through the dead. For example, the "Approved Prayer for the intercession of Pope John Paul II" (link) is a prayer that is not for John Paul II (JP2) or to JP2 but it is through JP2. It is addressed to God, "O Holy Trinity," but it requests that something be granted "Grant us," via the intercession of JP2 "through his intercession ... ."

Other times the request is more indirect. For example, sometimes when Mary (or others) are entreated it is suggested (as a justification) that since "the prayer of a righteous man availeth much" that the more righteous a person is, the more their prayer will avail (although, of course, the Scriptures do not teach such any such formula). Consequently, the idea is that we are asking these creatures to intercede before God on the basis of the merits that are theirs.

The connection between the two can be seen in this prayer to God pleading the merit and intercession of Rita of Cascia:

O God! who didst deign to confer on St. Rita for imitating Thee in love of her enemies, the favor of bearing her heart and brow the marks of Thy Love and Passion, grant we beseech Thee, that through her intercession and merit, we may, pierced by the thorns of compunction, ever contemplate the sufferings of Thy Passion, who livest and reignest forever and ever. Amen.
(emphasis added - source)

See this similar prayer to God through Mary:
Prayer to Our Lady of Light

O radiant beam of celestial clarity,
O spotless Mother of infinite purity,
O seat of Wisdom and divine reliquary
of the Word Incarnate,
Hear my prayer,
O Queen of Light!
O Blessed Trinity,
Father, Son, and Holy Spirit,
You glorified my Mother, Mary,
as Queen of heaven and earth
and gave to her the gift of holding
Your Omnipotence in her holy hands,
Graciously grant what I seek
through her merits and intercession.
Amen.
(emphasis added - source)

This can be further seen within the writings of Roman Catholicism. For example, Pious XII quotes with approval from a writing attributed to Eadmer (circa A.D. 1060 to circa A.D. 1124) as follows: "just as . . . God, by making all through His power, is Father and Lord of all, so the blessed Mary, by repairing all through her merits, is Mother and Queen of all; for God is the Lord of all things, because by His command He establishes each of them in its own nature, and Mary is the Queen of all things, because she restores each to its original dignity through the grace which she merited." (Ad Caeli Reginam (To the Queen of Heaven) section 36 - link)

It also can be seen in the "Catechism of the Catholic Church" section 956:
956 The intercession of the saints. "Being more closely united to Christ, those who dwell in heaven fix the whole Church more firmly in holiness.... They do not cease to intercede with the Father for us, as they proffer the merits which they acquired on earth through the one mediator between God and men, Christ Jesus.... So by their fraternal concern is our weakness greatly helped."
(emphases and elipses in original - footnote omitted - source)

This is the point at which the Roman Catholic position comes into direct conflict with the unique mediatorial role of Christ (despite the contrary claim - anticipating this assertion of ours - that you see in CCC 956). Only by Christ's merits can we come before God. The merits of a mere man (like John Paul II, even assuming he were a godly man) are of infinitesimal value compared with the righteousness of Christ.

It is by Christ and by Christ alone that we have access to the Father - not by Mary, not by the saints. Even when we ask our fellow believers to pray for us, we do not (or at least we certainly ought not) ask them to do so on the basis of their own merits, but alone on the basis of Christ's merits.

We give token of this when we conclude our prayers, "in Jesus' name, Amen." That expression "In Jesus' name" is asking that God consider our prayer on the basis of Christ's merits, not our own. However, when someone prays the approved prayer for JP2's intercession, they are praying for God to consider JP2's merits. The same is the case (in general) with any prayers that are made either through or to the deceased in the Roman Catholic schema.

Conclusion

Prayers are to be offered through the merits of Christ and in the name of Christ. We are exhorted and encouraged to do so by Scripture:

John 16:23-27
23 And in that day ye shall ask me nothing. Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whatsoever ye shall ask the Father in my name, he will give it you. 24 Hitherto have ye asked nothing in my name: ask, and ye shall receive, that your joy may be full. 25 These things have I spoken unto you in proverbs: but the time cometh, when I shall no more speak unto you in proverbs, but I shall shew you plainly of the Father. 26 At that day ye shall ask in my name: and I say not unto you, that I will pray the Father for you: 27 For the Father himself loveth you, because ye have loved me, and have believed that I came out from God.

John 14:12-14
12 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also; and greater works than these shall he do; because I go unto my Father. 13 And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son. 14 If ye shall ask any thing in my name, I will do it.

Ephesians 3:11-12
11 According to the eternal purpose which he purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord: 12 In whom we have boldness and access with confidence by the faith of him.

Hebrews 10:19-22
19 Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, 20 By a new and living way, which he hath consecrated for us, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh; 21 And having an high priest over the house of God; 22 Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water.

1 Peter 3:12 For the eyes of the Lord are over the righteous, and his ears are open unto their prayers: but the face of the Lord is against them that do evil.

So let us pray in the name of the Lord to the Lord God Almighty, for the living, eschewing the superstition of praying for the dead, for it is written:

1 John 5:16-17
16 If any man see his brother sin a sin which is not unto death, he shall ask, and he shall give him life for them that sin not unto death. There is a sin unto death: I do not say that he shall pray for it. 17 All unrighteousness is sin: and there is a sin not unto death.

Psalm 2:12 Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little. Blessed are all they that put their trust in him.

2 Corinthians 6:2 (For he saith, I have heard thee in a time accepted, and in the day of salvation have I succoured thee: behold, now is the accepted time; behold, now is the day of salvation.)

Hebrews 4:7 Again, he limiteth a certain day, saying in David, To day, after so long a time; as it is said, To day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts.

Psalm 95:7-11
7 For he is our God; and we are the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his hand. To day if ye will hear his voice, 8 Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, and as in the day of temptation in the wilderness: 9 When your fathers tempted me, proved me, and saw my work. 10 Forty years long was I grieved with this generation, and said, It is a people that do err in their heart, and they have not known my ways: 11 Unto whom I sware in my wrath that they should not enter into my rest.

Revelation 22:11 He that is unjust, let him be unjust still: and he which is filthy, let him be filthy still: and he that is righteous, let him be righteous still: and he that is holy, let him be holy still.

Isaiah 38:18 For the grave cannot praise thee, death cannot celebrate thee: they that go down into the pit cannot hope for thy truth.

If you are an unbeliever reading this, seize the day to repent of your sins and turn to Christ. Today you have life and hope, but tomorrow you may be in the grave, and in that grave no prayers will save you. So, if you do not trust in Christ alone for salvation, turn from your sins and set aside all other hope, placing it in Him alone for there is no other name under heaven by which men can be saved.

-TurretinFan


TOPICS: Catholic; Charismatic Christian; Evangelical Christian
KEYWORDS: christiancatholics; doctrine; intercession; opinion; opinions; prayer; purgatory; yopios
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To: metmom

And likewise to you. God bless!


481 posted on 04/24/2015 9:48:17 PM PDT by BlackElk (Dean of Discipline: Tomas de Torquemada Gentlemen's Society. Rack 'em Danno!)
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To: ebb tide; Iscool
It's shocking how totally ignorant some people are about Martin Luther and their need to bash, insult, smear, defame, vilify and villainize every Christian who isn't a Roman Catholic by invoking him is easily demonstrated!

Tell me, EB, has anyone here suggested Luther is the Pope we follow? Has anyone encouraged he be prayed to for intercession? More than likely, Luther is in heaven already while, no doubt, some of the very Saints Catholics ARE encouraged to emulate and pray to are not.

Should you ever actually want to educate yourself about the man and what he REALLY said - in context - and how he led a very moral and honorable life, here's a good place to start:

http://beggarsallreformation.blogspot.com/2005/12/martin-luther-topical-master-index-for.html

Of course, if the truth is really not your aim here, then I doubt you will avail yourself of this resource, preferring to falsely use the 500 years-dead man of God to condemn those who oppose you. Just don't imagine no one is wise to the tactic!

482 posted on 04/24/2015 9:52:12 PM PDT by boatbums (God is ready to assume full responsibility for the life wholly yielded to Him.)
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To: LadyDoc; Iscool; RnMomof7
they were part of the Greek Jewish bible that was accepted by most of the Christian and Jewish world at the time of Christ. Paul quoted from this translation when he preached to the Gentiles. Here is a Protestant discussion of the controversy: link

They were part of the Septuagint, which was a GREEK translation of the Old Testament books IN ADDITION TO fifteen other books that were not in the canon of the Old Testament. Just because the GREEK OT translation was quoted some of the time, neither Paul nor any other New Testament writer quotes directly from any of the Apocryphal books. Here's a better discussion of the topic: LINK

Of course, this thread is posted by someone who posts daily thread about the "evil catholics deliberately changed everything because...well, because they were evil and only those of us in our small tiny church know the TRUTH.

Except this thread says nothing of the kind! Cannot non-Catholics have RF threads that explain why we DON'T accept some of the Catholic doctrines?

So the one billion Catholics and the half a billion Orthodox Christians are all going to hell, but hey her tiny church will laugh at us from heaven for being evil.

Again, stop with the histrionics already! Do you not see how ridiculous that kind of talk is?

483 posted on 04/24/2015 10:04:28 PM PDT by boatbums (God is ready to assume full responsibility for the life wholly yielded to Him.)
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To: caww
When we take the issues dividing us seriously, as I am sure that we do, a decent respect for one another ought to be the norm. That can lead to enlightening exchanges. It is difficult to persuade or be persuaded when we have to first wade through a crossfire of anathemas and insults before getting to the heart of the argument. Or worse, when there are only insults and no actual argument.

When I was in coma from Thanksgiving until nearly Christmas and most of the time expected to die, I was the beneficiary of the prayers of many here, Catholics as well as Reformed Christians, leading to the mercy of God that allows me to converse with others here and now. I think it would be an abuse of God's mercy to use the opportunity He has given me to insult my fellow Christians of other faiths.

I am a Roman Catholic and I shall die as a Roman Catholic. When I practiced law, I represented many wonderful pro-lifers arrested in Operation Rescue type incidents. No distinction was ever made between Catholics and Reformed Christians. Each was represented to the courts, according to his or her respective beliefs. There was a great opportunity for each to witness as to his or her faith.

I only wish that the Rescuers' spirit of Christian comeraderie could spread to Free Republic so that we might seek to emulate Jesus Christ in His love for all of us, Catholic and Reformed. If my chosen language to describe people is different from what anyone might prefer, I would plead that my errors are innocent and a reflection of my life experience.

May God bless you and yours!

484 posted on 04/24/2015 10:05:57 PM PDT by BlackElk (Dean of Discipline: Tomas de Torquemada Gentlemen's Society. Rack 'em Danno!)
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To: ebb tide; Mark17
Every night, I pray for the reversion of apostate Catholics.

To where do you pray they revert? To your version of Catholicism or the one you call the "rogue curia in Rome" or is it to the Catholic SSPX, the Sedavacanists, the Traditionalists, the Liberals, the Modernists, etc., etc.???

Here's a thought...start praying for the LOST, who don't know Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord, that they may come to the knowledge of the truth and be saved. That's sure what I pray for.

485 posted on 04/24/2015 10:12:54 PM PDT by boatbums (God is ready to assume full responsibility for the life wholly yielded to Him.)
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To: LadyDoc
they were part of the Greek Jewish bible that was accepted by most of the Christian and Jewish world at the time of Christ.

No they weren't...The Jewish Orthodox would never have allowed to have books added to their bible...Jesus confirms what the O.T. was...The Psalms, the Law and the Prophets...Your extra Catholic books were not included by Jesus...

486 posted on 04/24/2015 11:56:19 PM PDT by Iscool
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To: ebb tide
Every night, I pray for the reversion of apostate Catholics.

HaHaHa...If you only knew what they know...

487 posted on 04/24/2015 11:58:36 PM PDT by Iscool
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To: ebb tide; boatbums
Every night, I pray for the reversion of apostate Catholics.

Thanks for your concern, but I am already saved. If you want to pray for me, just pray that my daily walk with Jesus would grow deeper. It is a daily struggle. I just want more victory over sin. I do not want sin to reign in my mortal body. Other than that, as BB says, pray for the lost. Bare witness to the lost. They are the ones who really need prayer the most. 🇵🇭

488 posted on 04/25/2015 12:17:39 AM PDT by Mark17 (Beyond the sunset, O blissful morning, when with our Savior, Heaven is begun. Earth's toiling ended)
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To: Iscool

Read the article I linked to. There was no monolithic Jewish bible until 90 AD and Paul quoted from the Greek book because that is the bible used by the early church.


489 posted on 04/25/2015 12:20:21 AM PDT by LadyDoc (liberals only love politically correct poor people)
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To: Mark17

I think the difference for Catholics and why they perceive the Protestants to be so different from each other is that they tie all those things to salvation. Once they left salvation by faith alone in Christ alone and added other requirements each difference became monumental.


490 posted on 04/25/2015 4:53:27 AM PDT by CynicalBear (For I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus)
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To: Iscool

From what I can tell most Catholics simply accept the re-written history the Catholic Church puts out. We see that true documented history is posted here and it’s simply ignored by Catholics.


491 posted on 04/25/2015 4:59:36 AM PDT by CynicalBear (For I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus)
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To: caww
>>if they are praying for the dead to be let out of purgatory how do they tell when they’re released?<<

Is there any wonder that they can't be assured of salvation? It's all dependent on what man does.

492 posted on 04/25/2015 5:21:35 AM PDT by CynicalBear (For I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus)
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To: LadyDoc; Iscool
>>There was no monolithic Jewish bible until 90 AD and Paul quoted from the Greek book because that is the bible used by the early church.<<

The article at your link was woefully inept. The quote "Paul used to cite from the Septuigent( that's what it was called) copiously in his talks and letters to his communities." is incredibly deceptive. Paul never quoted from any of that apocryphal books. If I quote from the gospel of Matthew in the Catholic bible it doesn't mean I accept the apocryphal books included in the same Catholic bible.

493 posted on 04/25/2015 5:44:05 AM PDT by CynicalBear (For I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus)
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To: Freedom_Is_Not_Free
I kid you not.

If the Holy Spirit brought everyone praying to him for the true meaning of Scripture, then over time most Christian denominations would dry up...

The Holy Spirit has has had over 2000 years to give people the true meaning of Scripture, so why are not most of us converging on the one true belief?


You are posting that the Spirit of God is at fault.

Needs rethinking.


494 posted on 04/25/2015 6:30:13 AM PDT by Resettozero
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To: BlackElk
I trust that the next conclave will take note of the blunder of the most recent conclave and give us a magnificently Catholic pope once more.

Jesuits are not Catholics?
495 posted on 04/25/2015 6:32:52 AM PDT by Resettozero
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To: Iscool

If you only knew what Satan knows...


496 posted on 04/25/2015 7:06:14 AM PDT by ebb tide (We have a rogue curia in Rome)
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To: BlackElk
Meanwhile, are you not an apologist for the SSPX schism or do I have you confused with someone else?

As usual, you are confused.

497 posted on 04/25/2015 7:13:13 AM PDT by ebb tide (We have a rogue curia in Rome)
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To: BlackElk
I trust that the next conclave will take note of the blunder of the most recent conclave and give us a magnificently Catholic pope once more.

And then we can celebrate with some bubble up and rainbow stew.

498 posted on 04/25/2015 7:17:52 AM PDT by ebb tide (We have a rogue curia in Rome)
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To: ebb tide
If you only knew what Satan knows...

As usual, you are confused.

We have a rogue curia in Rome.

And then we can celebrate with some bubble up and rainbow stew.


1. You do?

2. But that poster was a member of your own club.

3. YOU do; no "we" Kemo Sabe.

4. Like Esau?
499 posted on 04/25/2015 7:46:10 AM PDT by Resettozero
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To: Freedom_Is_Not_Free; metmom; CynicalBear
So you believe that only a tiny fraction of Christians have been anointed with the Holy Spirit, correct?

Only the saved have the indwelling Holy Spirit ....and that my friend is indeed a very small number of the people that have or will live in this earth

So not a single Catholic in the world has been anointed with the Holy Spirit?

Many Catholics, some right here on this forum,have been given the indwelling Holy Spirit... Once they begin to be taught by God ..they leave

So, are all Protestants so anointed and therefore know the true meaning of Scripture, or only the Episcopalians?

Catholics just do not get "it". ..There are saved and unsaved in Protestant churches ...This is not about being protestant.. it is about being born again

500 posted on 04/25/2015 8:04:59 AM PDT by RnMomof7
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