From: Hosea 10:1-3, 7-8, 12
Israel’s idolatry
[7] Samaria’s king shall perish,
like a chip on the face of the waters.
[8] The high places of Aven, the sin of Israel,
shall be destroyed.
Thorn and thistle shall grow up
on their altars;
and they shall say to the mountains, Cover us,
and to the hills, Fall upon us.
Israel reproached for its pride
[12] Sow for yourselves righteousness,
reap the fruit of steadfast love;
break up your fallow ground,
for it is the time to seek the Lord,
that he may come and rain salvation upon you.
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Commentary:
10:1-15. Verses 1-2 summarize the underlying point in the passage: the weal-
thier Israel becomes, the more corrupt she is. The verbs “to increase” (v. 1) and
“to bear guilt” (v. 2) are in direct contrast to one another. The “We have no king”
(v. 3) and the king’s being “like a chip on the face of the waters” (v. 7) refer to the
instability of the monarchy in the Northern kingdom: the period between 747
(when Jeroboam II died) to 721 (when Samaria fell to the Assyrians) saw a suc-
cession of six kings, who were puppets of Assyria or were assassinated by usur-
pers. Hosea is quite right when he says they had no king to rule them. The re-
sults of this anarchy are mentioned in vv. 4-8 — lots of empty talk, contracts with
no substance to them, unjust legal decisions; and the result of it all will he that
Assyria will destroy Israel’s altars, the monarchy will perish, and the people will
despair. Verses 9-10 probably hark back to the war when all the tribes turned on
the tribe of Benjamin to avenge the crime committed at Gibe-ah (cf. Judg 19:1-
20:48). Hosea must have regarded that crime and the war it led to (in which the
tribe of Benjamin was almost wiped out) as an archetype of the infamy and cruel-
ty that became so prevalent in later years. Verse 8 is quoted by our Lord when
He meets the women of Jerusalem on his way to Calvary (cf. Lk 23:20), and al-
so in Revelation 6:16, in the scene where the sixth seal is opened. The whole
passage is a reminder that material progress can also have negative consequen-
ces: “Holy Scripture teaches the human family what the experience of the ages
confirms — that while human progress is a great advantage to man, it brings with
it a strong temptation. For when the order of values is jumbled. and bad is mixed
with the good, individuals and groups pay heed solely to their own interests, and
not to those of others” (Vatican II, Gaudium et spes, 37).
The second stanza comprises a parable (vv.11-13) which recalls the first days of
Israel, the years in the wilderness, as being a golden age the stanza continues
(vv. 13-15) with a passage that reveals how disappointed God feels; there are re-
ferences here to recent events — the siege of Beth-arbel by Shalman, a Moabite
king (v. 14) and unlawful cults at Bethel (v. 15; note w). The underlying theme is
that of the whole book: the people put their trust in their own resources (cf. v.
13), neglecting to seek the Lord (cf. v. 12).
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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.
From: Matthew 10:1-7
The Calling and First Mission of the Apostles
[5] These twelve Jesus sent out, charging them, “Go nowhere among the Gen-
tiles, and enter no town of the Samaritans, [6] but go rather to the lost sheep of
the house of Israel. [7] And preach as you go, saying, ‘The Kingdom of Heaven
is at hand.’”
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Commentary:
1-4. Jesus calls His twelve Apostles after recommending to them to pray to the
Lord to send laborers into His harvest (cf. Matthew 9:38). Christians’ apostolic
action should always, then, be preceded and accompanied by a life of constant
prayer: apostolate is a divine affair, not a merely human one. Our Lord starts His
Church by calling twelve men to be, as it were, twelve patriarchs of the new peo-
ple of God, the Church. This new people is established not by physical but by
spiritual generation. The names of those Apostles are specifically mentioned
here. They were not scholarly, powerful or important people: they were average,
ordinary people who responded faithfully to the grace of their calling—all of them,
that is, except Judas Iscariot. Even before His death and resurrection Jesus con-
fers on them the power to cast out unclean spirits and cure illnesses—as an ear-
nest of and as training for the saving mission which He will entrust to them.
The Church reveres these first Christians in a very special way and is proud to
carry on their supernatural mission, and to be faithful to the witness they bore to
the teaching of Christ. The true Church is absent unless there is uninterrupted
apostolic succession and identification with the spirit which the Apostles made
their own.
“Apostle”: this word means “sent”; Jesus sent them out to preach His Kingdom
and pass on His teaching.
The Second Vatican Council, in line with Vatican I, “confesses” and “declares”
that the Church has a hierarchical structure: “The Lord Jesus, having prayed at
length to the Father, called to Himself those whom He willed and appointed
twelve to be with Him, whom He might send to preach the Kingdom of God (cf.
Mark 3:13-19: Matthew 10:1-10). These Apostles (cf. Luke 6:13) He constituted
in the form of a college or permanent assembly, at the head of which He placed
Peter, chosen from among them (cf. John 21:15-17). He sent them first of all to
the children of Israel and then to all peoples (cf. Romans 1:16), so that, sharing
in His power, they might make all peoples His disciples and sanctify and govern
them (cf. Matthew 28:16-20; Mark 16:15; Luke 24:45-48; John 20:21-23) and
thus spread the Church and, administering it under the guidance of the Lord,
shepherd it all days until the end of the world (cf. Matthew 28:28)” (”Lumen
Gentium”, 19).
1. In this chapter St. Matthew describes how Jesus, with a view to the spreading
of the Kingdom of God which He inaugurates, decides to establish a Church,
which He does by giving special powers and training to these twelve men who
are its seed.
5-15. After revealing His intention to found the Church by choosing the Twelve
(verses 1-4), in the present passage He shows that He intends to start training
these first Apostles. In other words, from early on in His public ministry He be-
gan to lay the foundations of His Church.
Everyone needs doctrinal and apostolic training to follow his Christian calling.
The Church has a duty to teach, and the faithful have a parallel duty to make
that teaching their own. Therefore, every Christian should avail of the facilities
for training which the Church offers him—which will vary according to each per-
son’s circumstances.
5-6. In His plan of salvation God gave certain promises (to Abraham and the pa-
triarchs), a Covenant and a Law (the Law of Moses), and sent the prophets. The
Messiah would be born into this chosen people, which explains why the Messiah
and the Kingdom of God were to be preached to the house of Israel before being
preached to the Gentiles. Therefore, in their early apprenticeship, Jesus restricts
the Apostles’ area of activity to the Jews, without this taking from the world-wide
scope of the Church’s mission. As we will see, much later on He charges them
to “go and make disciples of all nations” (Matthew 28:19); “Go into all the world
and preach the Gospel to the whole creation” (Mark 16:16). The Apostles also,
in the early days of the spread of the Church, usually sought out the Jewish com-
munity in any new city they entered, and preached first to them (cf. Acts 13:46).
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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.