Posted on 07/23/2012 7:06:51 AM PDT by Pharmboy
Contrary to legend, it wasn't the federal government, and the Internet had nothing to do with maintaining communications during a war.
A telling moment in the presidential race came recently when Barack Obama said: "If you've got a business, you didn't build that. Somebody else made that happen." He justified elevating bureaucrats over entrepreneurs by referring to bridges and roads, adding: "The Internet didn't get invented on its own. Government research created the Internet so that all companies could make money off the Internet."
It's an urban legend that the government launched the Internet. The myth is that the Pentagon created the Internet to keep its communications lines up even in a nuclear strike. The truth is a more interesting story about how innovation happens—and about how hard it is to build successful technology companies even once the government gets out of the way.
For many technologists, the idea of the Internet traces to Vannevar Bush, the presidential science adviser during World War II who oversaw the development of radar and the Manhattan Project....
...by the 1960s technologists were trying to connect separate physical communications networks into one global network—a "world-wide web." The federal government was involved, modestly, via the Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. Its goal was not maintaining communications during a nuclear attack, and it didn't build the Internet. Robert Taylor, who ran the ARPA program in the 1960s, sent an email to fellow technologists in 2004 setting the record straight: "The creation of the Arpanet was not motivated by considerations of war. The Arpanet was not an Internet. An Internet is a connection between two or more computer networks."
If the government didn't invent the Internet, who did?
(Excerpt) Read more at professional.wsj.com ...
Porn breaks up marriages and hurts women and children. It is of satan
Did you read the article?
Actually that is not correct. Four Universities kept it alive and you could dial in (via long distance!) to the system.
(I am painfully aware of this because one of my employees ran up a $93 phone bill in in 1987 doing just that! My wife wanted to fire him but I convinced her to let him pay it back.)
“In the Beginning, ARPA created the ARPANET.
And the ARPANET was without form and void.
And darkness was upon the deep.
And the spirit of ARPA moved upon the face of the network and ARPA said, ‘Let there be a protocol,’ and there was a protocol. And ARPA saw that it was good.
And ARPA said, ‘Let there be more protocols,’ and it was so. And ARPA saw that it was good.
And ARPA said, ‘Let there be more networks,’ and it was so.”
— Danny Cohen
This Internet Timeline begins in 1962, before the word ‘Internet’ is invented. The world’s 10,000 computers are primitive, although they cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. They have only a few thousand words of magnetic core memory, and programming them is far from easy.
Domestically, data communication over the phone lines is an AT&T monopoly. The ‘Picturephone’ of 1939, shown again at the New York World’s Fair in 1964, is still AT&T’s answer to the future of worldwide communications.
But the four-year old Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense, a future-oriented funder of ‘high-risk, high-gain’ research, lays the groundwork for what becomes the ARPANET and, much later, the Internet.
By 1992, when this timeline ends,
the Internet has one million hosts
the ARPANET has ceased to exist
computers are nine orders of magnitude faster
network bandwidth is twenty million times greater.
I remember accessing university sites in the 70’s via the old phone modems, and continually upgraded modems and chatted all over the world and had email, via a university server, in the early 90’s. All of my work for took place via phones and either interfaced with local BBS types or university for newsgroups and emails.
I don’t actually remember being assigned an IP address until much later.
The first browser I used in the early 90’s stored the graphic symbols on my computer rather and the what was transmitted was instructions and text. I remember the upgrades of loading additional graphics files / symbols. I wish I could remember the name of the “browser”.
What amazes me is how “simple” it all turned out. At the time I started using this and implementing this stuff it was very hard to do reliably.
Also Celluloid Movies, VCR Video Recorders, MPEG and JPEG compressions, and many other technologies
got to admit no
I heard years ago that DARPA bought the data packet switching idea from someone, I think a university professor.
and the article may be a perspective, but I recall when the DOD did what they did and the article (which I have now read but don’t regard as gospel) leaves the DOD out.
Read the book “Where Wizards Stay up Late” and you will actually know the answer:
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Where-Wizards-Stay-Up-Late/dp/0684832674
It is an excellent article. Note the comments after, though. Some folks are freaking out. I’d like the hear the author follow up on some of the datapoints that others are spilling, though.....
I also loved the factoid about Jobs getting the investment (and the info) from Xerox private capital / equity....a less there, also regarding companies too large to change.
I think AT&T started digitizing its long distance lines to reduce line loss before ARPA got involved.
Thanks, man...great stuff.
we would log into to porn sites just to see how they were pushing the technology envelope.”
And before that, you read the magazine articles just to see how cutting edge the journalism was.....
Well, the DoD certainly had needs and inspired some innovations; no question it was an early user as your history attests. However, the Internet was a collaboration between individuals in private industry and academia, with government employees adding to it, no doubt; but for the president to state that it was a ‘government invention’ is nonsense, and that is what Crovitz was dealing with.
It is a vicious circle.
Men and women have their own Achilles heel when it comes to sinning, which is why there are more men in prison. The way they hurt tends to be more “verifiable” and physical. And pr0n is not just a male issue. When women let themselves go and have six months headaches, ignoring the biblical “your body is not your own” teaching, men WILL find other avenues.
The older I get (I’m 58 now), the more I see sex as similar to eating: Eating is necessary for physical health and sex is necessary for psychological health. And just as you can ruin yourself with junk food, you can ruin yourself with “junk sex”. And the wife that does not even attempt to meet the husband’s appetite in both areas is playing with fire.
Not that the woman is to blame. Far from it. But once she knows the risk, she may at least try to do her part to nurture a marriage where the risk is at least mitigated. And then the husband has to do his part.
Many years before 1994, amateur (ham) radio operators, myself included, were “chatting” with people all around the world in actual real time without using phone lines or satellites.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.