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From: Ezekiel 37:21-28

The Reunification of the Two Kingdoms (Continuation)

[21] Then say to them, Thus says the Lord GOD: Behold, I will take the people
of Israel from the nations among which they have gone, and will gather them
from all sides, and bring them to their own land; [22] and I will make them one
nation in the land, upon the mountains of Israel; and one king shall be king over
them all; and they shall be no longer two nations, and no longer divided into two
kingdoms. [23] They shall not defile themselves any more with their idols and
their detestable things, or with any of their transgressions; but I will save them
from all the backslidings in which they have sinned, and will cleanse them; and
they shall be my people, and I will be their God.

[24] “My servant David shall be king over them; and they shall all have one shep-
herd. They shall follow my ordinances and be careful to observe my statutes.
They shall dwell in the land where your fathers dwelt that I gave to my servant Ja-
cob; they and their children and their children’s children shall dwell there forever;
and David my servant shall be their prince for ever. [26] I will make a covenant of
peace with them; it shall be an everlasting covenant with them, and I will bless
them and multiply them, and will set my sanctuary in the midst of them for ever-
more. [27] My dwelling place shall be with them; and I will be their God, and
they shall be my people. [28] Then the nations will know that I the LORD will
sanctify Israel, when my sanctuary is in the midst of them for evermore.”

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Commentary:

37:15-27. Unity will be the most obvious effect of the people’s purification. By
the symbolic action of the two sticks, Ezekiel shows that it is God himself who
will bring about the unification of the tribes that made up the Southern kingdom
(Judah) with those of the North (Joseph-Ephraim); it will be a union so strong
that it will never again be broken (as it was broken after the death of Solomon:
cf. 1 Kings 12:20-33). This unity is also a symbol of the oneness that Jesus
wants the new people of God to have (cf. Jn 17:21) and which is essential for
the success of his plans for mankind’s salvation, “All men are called to be part
of this catholic unity of the people of God which in promoting universal peace
presages it. And there belong to or are related to it in various ways, the Catho-
lic faithful, all who believe in Christ, and indeed the whole of mankind, for all
men are called by the grace of God to salvation” (Vatican II, “Lumen Gentium”,
13).

37:26. A “covenant of peace”. The concluding words of the oracle (vv. 24-28) are
messianic ones, as can be seen from the reference to David, king and shepherd
(v. 24), and from the emphasis put on the fact that the nation will abide in the
land “for ever” (v. 25) with the sanctuary in its midst (vv. 27, 28). Peace (cf. 34:
25) is the greatest of the messianic gifts (cf. Is 9:5); it implies safety from exter-
nal enemies but, above all, peace with God and neighbor. Jesus called peace-
makers blessed, happy (cf. Mt 5:9). “[T]he peace of Christ radiates from God
the Father. For by the cross the incarnate Son, the prince of peace reconciled
all men with God. By thus restoring all men to the unity of one people and one
body, he slew hatred in his own flesh; and, after being lifted on high by his re-
surrection, he poured forth the spirit of love into the hearts of men” (”Gaudium
et Spes”, 78).

*********************************************************************************************
Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.

From: John 11:45-56

The Sanhedrin Decides on the Death of Jesus

[45] Many of the Jews therefore, who had come with Mary (Magdalene) and had
seen what He (Jesus) did, believed in Him; [46] but some of them went to the
Pharisees and told them what Jesus had done. [47] So the chief priests and the
Pharisees gathered the council, and said, “What are we to do? For this Man per-
forms many signs. [48] If we let Him go on thus, every one will believe in Him,
and the Romans will come and destroy both our holy place and our nation.” [49]
But one of them, Caiaphas, who was high priest that year, said to them, “You
know nothing at all; [50] you do not understand that it is expedient for you that
one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation should not perish.”
[51] He did not say this of his own accord, but being high priest that year he pro-
phesied that Jesus should die for the nation, [52] and not for the nation only, but
to gather into one the children of God who are scattered abroad. [53] So from
that day on they took counsel on how to put Him to death.

[54] Jesus therefore no longer went about openly among the Jews, but went from
there to the country near the wilderness, to a town called Ephraim; and there He
stayed with the disciples.

[55] Now the Passover of the Jews was at hand, and many went up from the
country to Jerusalem before the Passover, to purify themselves. [56] They were
looking for Jesus and saying to one another as they stood in the temple, “What
do you think? That He will not come to the feast?”

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Commentary:

45-48. Once again, as Simeon had predicted, Jesus is a sign of contradiction (cf.
Luke 2:34; John 7:12, 31, 40; 9:16; etc.): presented with the miracle of the raising
of Lazarus some people believe in Jesus (verse 45), and some denounce Him to
His enemies (cf. verses 46-47)—confirming what is said in the parable of the rich
man: “neither will they be convinced if someone should rise from the dead” (Luke
16:31).

“Our (holy) place”: this expression or similar expressions such as “the place”,
“this place”, was used to designate the temple, the holy place “par excellence”
and, by extension, all the Holy City of Jerusalem (cf. Maccabees 5:19; Acts 6:
14).

49-53. Caiaphas held the high priesthood from the year 18 to the year 36 A.D.
(cf. “The Dates of the Life of our Lord Jesus Christ” in “The Navarre Bible: St.
Mark”, p. 49). Caiaphas was the instrument God used to prophesy the redemp-
tive death of the Savior, for it was one of the functions of the high priest to con-
sult God on how to lead the people (cf. Exodus 28:30; Numbers 27:21; 1 Sa-
muel 23:9; 30:7-8). Here Caiaphas’ words have a dual meaning: one, Caiaphas’
meaning, is that he wants to put Christ to death, on the pretext that that will
ensure the political peace and survival of Israel; the other, the meaning intended
by the Holy Spirit, is the announcement of the foundation of the new Israel, the
Church, through the death of Christ on the Cross (Caiaphas is unaware of this
meaning). And so it happens that the last high priest of the Old Alliance prophe-
sies the investiture of the High Priest of the New Alliance, which will be sealed
in His own blood.

When the Evangelist states that Christ was going to die “to gather into one the
children of God who are scattered abroad” (verse 52), he is referring to what our
Lord had said regarding the salvific effects of His death (cf. John 10:14-15). The
prophets had already announced the future assembly of Israelites faithful to God
to form the new people of Israel (cf. Isaiah 43:5; Jeremiah 23:3-5; Ezekiel 34:23;
37:21-24). These prophecies are fulfilled by the death of Christ, who, on being
raised up on the cross, draws and gathers together the true people of God, com-
posed of all believers, whether Israelites or not. The Second Vatican Council
uses this passage as a source when speaking of the universality of the Church:
“All men are called to belong to the new people of God. This people therefore,
whilst remaining one and only one, is to be spread throughout the whole world
and to all ages in order that the design of God’s will may be fulfilled: He made
human nature one in the beginning and decreed that all His children who were
scattered should be finally gathered together as one (cf. John 11:52). It was for
this purpose that God sent His Son, whom He appointed heir of all things (cf.
Hebrews 1:2), that He might be teacher, king and priest of all, the head of the
new and universal people of God’s sons” (”Lumen Gentium”, 13).

In the fourth century, St. John Chrysostom explained the catholicity of the
Church using these words: “What is the meaning of ‘to gather into one those
who are scattered abroad’? He made them one body. He who dwells in Rome
knows that the Christians of India are his members” (”Hom. on St. John”, 65,
1).

54. The time for Him to die has not yet arrived; therefore Jesus acts prudently,
taking the steps anyone would take not to precipitate events.

55. Since the Passover was the most solemn Jewish feast, the people used to
arrive in Jerusalem some days in advance to prepare for it by washings, fasts
and offerings—practices established not by the Mosaic law but by popular piety;
the rites of the Passover itself, with the sacrificing of the lamb, were a rite of puri-
fication and expiation for sins. The Passover of the Jews was a figure of the Chris-
tian Pasch or Easter, for, as St. Paul the Apostle teaches us, our paschal lamb
is Christ (cf. 1 Corinthians 5:7), who offered Himself once and for all to the eter-
nal Father on the cross to atone for our sins. Paul VI recalled this happy truth
of faith: “Gave Himself for me? But does there still exist a religion which is ex-
pressed in sacrifices? No, the sacrifices of the ancient law and pagan religions
have no longer any reason to exist; but the world always needs a sacrifice, a va-
lid, unique and perennial one, for the redemption of human sin [...]; it is the sacri-
fice of Christ on the cross, which wipes out sin from the world; a sacrifice which
the Eucharist actualizes in time and makes it possible for the men of this earth
to take part in it” (Paul VI, “Homily on Corpus Christ”, 17 June 1976).

If the Jews prepared to celebrate the Passover with all these rites and ablutions,
it is obvious what steps we should take to celebrate or participate in the Mass
and to receive Christ—our Pasch—in the Eucharist. “On this earth, when we re-
ceive an important person, we bring out the best — lights, music, formal dress.
How should we prepare to receive Christ into our soul? Have we ever thought
about how we should behave if we could only receive Him once in a lifetime?”
(St. J. Escriva, “Christ Is Passing By”, 91).

*********************************************************************************************
Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.

Scripture readings from the Jerusalem Bible by Darton, Longman & Todd

Readings at Mass

Liturgical Colour: Violet.

First reading
Ezekiel 37:21-28 ©

I will bring them home and make them one nation

The Lord says this: ‘I am going to take the sons of Israel from the nations where they have gone. I shall gather them together from everywhere and bring them home to their own soil. I shall make them into one nation in my own land and on the mountains of Israel, and one king is to be king of them all; they will no longer form two nations, nor be two separate kingdoms. They will no longer defile themselves with their idols and their filthy practices and all their sins. I shall rescue them from all the betrayals they have been guilty of; I shall cleanse them; they shall be my people and I will be their God. My servant David will reign over them, one shepherd for all; they will follow my observances, respect my laws and practise them. They will live in the land that I gave my servant Jacob, the land in which your ancestors lived. They will live in it, they, their children, their children’s children, for ever. David my servant is to be their prince for ever. I shall make a covenant of peace with them, an eternal covenant with them. I shall resettle them and increase them; I shall settle my sanctuary among them for ever. I shall make my home above them; I will be their God, they shall be my people. And the nations will learn that I am the Lord, the sanctifier of Israel, when my sanctuary is with them for ever.’

Responsorial Psalm
Jeremiah 31:10-13 ©

The Lord will guard us as a shepherd guards his flock.

O nations, hear the word of the Lord,

proclaim it to the far-off coasts.

Say: ‘He who scattered Israel will gather him

and guard him as a shepherd guards his flock.’

The Lord will guard us as a shepherd guards his flock.

For the Lord has ransomed Jacob,

has saved him from an overpowering hand.

They will come and shout for joy on Mount Zion,

they will stream to the blessings of the Lord.

The Lord will guard us as a shepherd guards his flock.

Then the young girls will rejoice and dance,

the men, young and old, will be glad.

I will turn their mourning into joy,

I will console them, give gladness for grief.

The Lord will guard us as a shepherd guards his flock.

Gospel Acclamation	Ezk18:31

Praise to you, O Christ, king of eternal glory!

Shake off all your sins – it is the Lord who speaks –

and make yourselves a new heart and a new spirit.

Praise to you, O Christ, king of eternal glory!

Or:	Jn3:16

Praise to you, O Christ, king of eternal glory!

God loved the world so much that he gave his only Son:

everyone who believes in him has eternal life.

Praise to you, O Christ, king of eternal glory!

Gospel	John 11:45-56 ©

Jesus was to die to gather together the scattered children of God

Many of the Jews who had come to visit Mary and had seen what Jesus did believed in him, but some of them went to tell the Pharisees what Jesus had done. Then the chief priests and Pharisees called a meeting. ‘Here is this man working all these signs’ they said ‘and what action are we taking? If we let him go on in this way everybody will believe in him, and the Romans will come and destroy the Holy Place and our nation.’ One of them, Caiaphas, the high priest that year, said, ‘You do not seem to have grasped the situation at all; you fail to see that it is better for one man to die for the people, than for the whole nation to be destroyed.’ He did not speak in his own person, it was as high priest that he made this prophecy that Jesus was to die for the nation – and not for the nation only, but to gather together in unity the scattered children of God. From that day they were determined to kill him. So Jesus no longer went about openly among the Jews, but left the district for a town called Ephraim, in the country bordering on the desert, and stayed there with his disciples.

The Jewish Passover drew near, and many of the country people who had gone up to Jerusalem to purify themselves looked out for Jesus, saying to one another as they stood about in the Temple, ‘What do you think? Will he come to the festival or not?’

John
	English: Douay-Rheims	Latin: Vulgata Clementina	Greek NT: Byzantine/Majority Text (2000)
	John 11
45.	Many therefore of the Jews, who were come to Mary and Martha, and had seen the things that Jesus did, believed in him.	multi ergo ex Iudaeis qui venerant ad Mariam et viderant quae fecit crediderunt in eum	πολλοι ουν εκ των ιουδαιων οι ελθοντες προς την μαριαν και θεασαμενοι α εποιησεν ο ιησους επιστευσαν εις αυτον
46.	But some of them went to the Pharisees, and told them the things that Jesus had done.	quidam autem ex ipsis abierunt ad Pharisaeos et dixerunt eis quae fecit Iesus	τινες δε εξ αυτων απηλθον προς τους φαρισαιους και ειπον αυτοις α εποιησεν ο ιησους
47.	The chief priests therefore, and the Pharisees, gathered a council, and said: What do we, for this man doth many miracles?	collegerunt ergo pontifices et Pharisaei concilium et dicebant quid facimus quia hic homo multa signa facit	συνηγαγον ουν οι αρχιερεις και οι φαρισαιοι συνεδριον και ελεγον τι ποιουμεν οτι ουτος ο ανθρωπος πολλα σημεια ποιει
48.	If we let him alone so, all will believe in him; and the Romans will come, and take away our place and nation.	si dimittimus eum sic omnes credent in eum et venient Romani et tollent nostrum et locum et gentem	εαν αφωμεν αυτον ουτως παντες πιστευσουσιν εις αυτον και ελευσονται οι ρωμαιοι και αρουσιν ημων και τον τοπον και το εθνος
49.	But one of them, named Caiphas, being the high priest that year, said to them: You know nothing.	unus autem ex ipsis Caiaphas cum esset pontifex anni illius dixit eis vos nescitis quicquam	εις δε τις εξ αυτων καιαφας αρχιερευς ων του ενιαυτου εκεινου ειπεν αυτοις υμεις ουκ οιδατε ουδεν
50.	Neither do you consider that it is expedient for you that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not.	nec cogitatis quia expedit nobis ut unus moriatur homo pro populo et non tota gens pereat	ουδε διαλογιζεσθε οτι συμφερει ημιν ινα εις ανθρωπος αποθανη υπερ του λαου και μη ολον το εθνος αποληται
51.	And this he spoke not of himself: but being the high priest of that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for the nation.	hoc autem a semet ipso non dixit sed cum esset pontifex anni illius prophetavit quia Iesus moriturus erat pro gente	τουτο δε αφ εαυτου ουκ ειπεν αλλα αρχιερευς ων του ενιαυτου εκεινου προεφητευσεν οτι εμελλεν ο ιησους αποθνησκειν υπερ του εθνους
52.	And not only for the nation, but to gather together in one the children of God, that were dispersed.	et non tantum pro gente sed et ut filios Dei qui erant dispersi congregaret in unum	και ουχ υπερ του εθνους μονον αλλ ινα και τα τεκνα του θεου τα διεσκορπισμενα συναγαγη εις εν
53.	From that day therefore they devised to put him to death.	ab illo ergo die cogitaverunt ut interficerent eum	απ εκεινης ουν της ημερας συνεβουλευσαντο ινα αποκτεινωσιν αυτον
54.	Wherefore Jesus walked no more openly among the Jews; but he went into a country near the desert, unto a city that is called Ephrem, and there he abode with his disciples.	Iesus ergo iam non in palam ambulabat apud Iudaeos sed abiit in regionem iuxta desertum in civitatem quae dicitur Efrem et ibi morabatur cum discipulis	ιησους ουν ουκ ετι παρρησια περιεπατει εν τοις ιουδαιοις αλλα απηλθεν εκειθεν εις την χωραν εγγυς της ερημου εις εφραιμ λεγομενην πολιν κακει διετριβεν μετα των μαθητων αυτου
55.	And the pasch of the Jews was at hand; and many from the country went up to Jerusalem, before the pasch to purify themselves.	proximum autem erat pascha Iudaeorum et ascenderunt multi Hierosolyma de regione ante pascha ut sanctificarent se ipsos	ην δε εγγυς το πασχα των ιουδαιων και ανεβησαν πολλοι εις ιεροσολυμα εκ της χωρας προ του πασχα ινα αγνισωσιν εαυτους
56.	They sought therefore for Jesus; and they discoursed one with another, standing in the temple: What think you that he is not come to the festival day? And the chief priests and Pharisees had given a commandment, that if any man knew where he was, he should tell, that they might apprehend him.	quaerebant ergo Iesum et conloquebantur ad invicem in templo stantes quid putatis quia non veniat ad diem festum	εζητουν ουν τον ιησουν και ελεγον μετ αλληλων εν τω ιερω εστηκοτες τι δοκει υμιν οτι ου μη ελθη εις την εορτην
57.	[...]	[...]	δεδωκεισαν δε και οι αρχιερεις και οι φαρισαιοι εντολην ινα εαν τις γνω που εστιν μηνυση οπως πιασωσιν αυτον

(*) Verse 57 is missing in the Vulgate and is attached to the end of verse 56 in Douay.

45. Then many of the Jews which came to Mary, and had seen the things which Jesus did, believed on him.
46. But some of them went their way to the Pharisees, and told them what things Jesus had done.

ALCUIN. Christ awakes, because His power it is which quickens us inwardly: the disciples loose, because by the ministry of the priesthood, they who are quickened are absolved.

47. Then gathered the chief priests and the Pharisees a council, and said, What do we? for this man does many miracles.
48. If we let him thus alone, all men will believe on him: and the Romans shall come and take away both our place and nation.
49. And one of them, named Caiaphas, being the high priest that same year, said to them, You know nothing at all,
50. Nor consider that it is expedient for us, that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not.
51. And this spoke he not of himself: but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation;
52. And not for that nation only, but that also he should gather together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad.
53. Then from that day forth they took counsel together for to put him to death.

THEOPHYL. Such a miracle as this should have drawn forth wonder and praise. But they make it a reason of plotting against His life: Then gathered the chief priests and, Pharisees a council, and said, What do we?

AUG; But they had no thought of believing. The miserable men only consulted how they might hurt and kill Him, not how themselves might be saved from death. What do we? For this Man does many miracles.

CHRYS. Him of whose divinity they had received such certain proofs, they call only a man.

ORIGEN. This speech is an evidence of their audacity and blindness: of their audacity, because they testified that He had done many miracles, and yet thought that they could contend successfully against Him, and that He would have no power of withstanding their plots; of their blindness, because they did not reflect that He who had wrought such miracles could easily escape out of their hands; unless indeed they denied that these miracles were done by Divine power.

They resolved then not to let Him go; thinking that they should thus place an impediment in the way of those who wished to believe in Him, and also prevent the Romans from taking away their place and nation. If we let Him thus alone, all men will believe on Him, and the Romans shall come and take away both our place and nation.

CHRYS. They say this to alarm the people; as if they were incurring the suspicion of setting up an usurper. If, say they, the Romans in crowds follow Him, they will suspect us of setting up a tyranny, and will destroy our state. But this was as wholly a fiction of their own.

For what was the fact? Did He take armed men about with Him, did He go with horsemen in His train? Did He not rather choose desert places to go to? However, that they might not be suspected of consulting only their own interests, they declare the whole state is in danger.

AUG. Or, they were afraid that, if all believed in Christ, none would remain to defend the city of God and the temple against the Romans: since they thought that Christ's teaching was directed against the temple, and their laws. They were afraid of losing temporal things, and thought not of eternal life; and thus they lost both. For the Romans, after our Lord had suffered and was glorified, did come and take away their place and nation, reducing the one by siege, and dispersing the other.

ORIGEN. Mystically: It was fit that the Gentiles should occupy the place of them of the circumcision; because by their fall salvation came to the Gentiles. The Romans represent the Gentiles, being the rulers of the Gentile world. Their nation again was taken away, because they who had been the people of God, were made not a people.

CHRYS. When they hesitated, and asked, What do we? One of them gave most cruel and shameless advice, viz. Caiaphas, who was High Priest that same year.

AUG. How is it that he is called the High Priest of that year, when God appointed one hereditary High Priest? This was owing to the ambition and contention of parties among the Jews themselves, which had ended in the appointment of several High Priests, who took the office in turn, year by year. And sometimes even there seems to have been more than one in office.

ALCUIN. Of this Caiaphas Josephus relates, that he bought the priesthood for a year, for a certain sum.

ORIGEN. The character of Caiaphas is strewn by his being called the High Priest of that same year; the year, viz. in which our Savior suffered. Being the High Priest that same year, he said to them, You know nothing at all, nor consider that it is expedient for us that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not. i.e. You sit still, and give no attention. Attend to me. So insignificant life of one man may surely be made a sacrifice for the safety of the state.

THEOPHYL. He said this with a bad intention, yet the Holy Spirit used his mouth as the vehicle of a prophecy: And this spoke he not of himself: but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation.

ORIGEN. Not everyone that prophesies is a prophet; as not everyone that does a just action is just, he, for example, that does one for vainglory. Caiaphas prophesied without being a prophet, as did Balaam.

Perhaps some will deny that Caiaphas prophesied by the Holy Spirit, on the ground that evil spirits may bear witness to Christ, as the one in Luke, who says, I know You who You are, the Holy One of God; the intention of Caiaphas too being not to induce his hearers to believe on Him, but to excite them to kill Him. It is expedient for us. Is this part of his prophecy true or false? If it is true, then those who contended against Jesus in the council, since Jesus died for the people, and they participate in the advantage of His death, are saved.

This you say is absurd; and hence argue that the prophecy is false, and, if false, not dictated by the Holy Spirit, since the Holy Spirit does not lie on the other side it is argued, for the truth of the prophecy that these words only meant that He by the grace of God should taste death for all men; that He is the Savior of all men, specially of them that believe. And in the same way the former part of the speech, You know nothing at all, is made out to be an assertion of the truth. They knew nothing of Jesus, who did not know that He was truth, wisdom, justice, an peace.

And again, That one man should die for the people. It was as man that He died for the people: in so far as He is the image of the invisible God, He was incapable of death. And He died for the people, in that He took upon Himself, made away with, blotted out the sins of the whole world.

And this spoke he not of himself.

Hence we see, what men say sometimes proceeds from themselves, sometimes from the influence of some power upon them. In the latter case though they may not be taken quite out of themselves, and in a certain sense go along with their own words, yet they do not go along with the meaning of them. Thus Caiaphas says nothing of himself; and therefore does not interpret his own prophecy, because he does not understand it. Thus Paul too speaks of some teachers of the law, who understand neither what they say, nor whereof they affirm.

AUG. We learn hence that even bad men may foretell things to come by the spirit of prophecy, which power the Evangelist ascribes to a divine sacrament, he being Pontifex, i.e. High Priest.

CHRYS. See the great virtue of the Holy Spirit, in drawing forth a prophecy from a wicked man. And see too the virtue of the pontifical office, which made him, though an unworthy High Priest, unconsciously prophesy. Divine grace only used his mouth; it touched not his corrupt heart.

AUG. Caiaphas prophesied of the Jewish nation alone; in which nation were the sheep, of which our Lord says, I am not sent but to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. But the Evangelist knew that there were other sheep, not of this fold, which were to be brought in, and therefore adds, And not for that nation only, but also that He should gather together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad; i.e. those who were predestined to be so: for as yet there were neither sheep, nor children of God.

GREG. His persecutors accomplished this wicked purpose, and put Him to death, thinking to extinguish the devotion of His followers; but faith grew from the very thing which these cruel and unbelieving men thought would destroy it. That which human cruelty had executed against Him, He turned to the purposes of His mercy.

ORIGEN. Inflamed by the speech of Caiaphas, they determined on killing our Lord: Then from that day forth they took counsel together to put Him to death. Was this then the work of the Holy Spirit, as well as the former, or was it another spirit which did both first speak by the mouth of a wicked man, and then excite others like him to kill Christ? Answer: It is not necessary that both should be the work of the same spirit.

As some turn the Scriptures themselves which were given for our good, to the support of bad doctrines; so this true prophecy respecting our Savior was understood in a wrong sense as if it were a call to put Him to death.

CHRYS. They sought before to kill Him; now their resolution was confirmed.

54. Jesus therefore walked no more openly among the Jews; but went from there to a country near to the wilderness, into a city called Ephraim, and there continued with his disciples.
55. And the Jews' passover was near at hand: and many went out of the country up to Jerusalem before the passover, to purify themselves.
56. Then sought they for Jesus, and spoke among themselves, as they stood in the temple, What think you, that he will not come to the feast?
57. Now both the chief priests and the Pharisees had given a commandment, that, if any man knew where he were, he should show it, that they might take him.

ORIGEN After this resolution of the Chief Priests and Pharisees, Jesus was more cautious in strewing Himself among the Jews, and retired to remote parts, and avoided populous places: Jesus therefore walked no more openly among the Jews; but went from there into a country near to the wilderness, into a city called Ephraim.

AUG Not that His power had failed Him; for, had He pleased He might still have walked openly among the Jews, and they done nothing to Him. But He wished to show the disciples, by His own example, that believers did not sin by retiring out of the sight of their persecutors, and hiding themselves from the fury of the wicked, rather than inflame that fury in their presence.

ORIGEN. It is praiseworthy, when struggles are at hand, not to avoid confession, or refuse to suffer death for the truth's sake. And it is no less praiseworthy now to avoid giving occasion for such trial. Which we should take care to do, not only on account of the uncertainty of the event of a trial in our own case, but also not to be the occasion of increasing the impiety and guilt of others.

For he who is the cause of sin in another, shall be punished. If we do not avoid our persecutor, when we have the opportunity, we make ourselves responsible for his offence. But our Lord not only retired Himself, but to remove all occasion of offence from His persecutors, took His disciples with Him:

And there stayed with His disciples.

CHRYS. How must it have troubled the disciples to see Him save Himself by merely human means? While all were rejoicing and keeping the feast, they remained hidden, and in danger. Yet they continued with Him; as we read in Luke, You are they which have continued with Me in My temptations.

ORIGEN. Mystically, Jesus walked openly among the Jews, when the Word of God used to come to them by the Prophets. But this Word ceased, i.e. Jesus went from there. And He went to that town near the wilderness, whereof Isaiah says, More are the children of the desolate, than the children of the married wife.

Ephraim signifies fertility. Ephraim was the younger brother of Manasses: Manasses stands for the elder people forgotten; the word Manasses meaning forgotten. When the elder people were forgotten and passed over, there came an abundant harvest from the Gentiles. Our Lord left the Jews' and went forth into a country - the whole world - near the wilderness, the deserted Church, to Ephraim, the fruitful city; and there continues with His disciples up to this day.

AUG. He who came from heaven to suffer, wished to draw near the place of His Passion, His hour being now at hand: And the Jews' passover was near at hand. That passover they had resolved to celebrate by shedding our Lord's blood; the blood which consecrated the Passover, the blood of the Lamb.

The Law obliged everyone to go up to the feast: And many went out of the country up to Jerusalem before the passover to purify themselves. But ours is the true Passover; the Jewish one was a shadow. The Jews held their passover in the dark, we in the light: their posts were stained with the blood of a slain animal, our foreheads are signed with the blood of Christ.

THEOPHYL. They went up before the passover, to be purified. For whoever had sinned willingly or unwillingly could not keep the passover, unless they were first purified by washings, fastings, and shaving of the head, and also offering certain stated oblations. While engaged in these purifications, they were plotting our Lord's death: Then sought they for Jesus, and spoke among themselves, as they stood in the temple, What think you, that He will not come to the feast?

CHRYS. They lay in wait for Him at the passover, and made the feast time the time of His death.

ORIGEN. Wherefore the Evangelist does not call it the Lord's passover, but the Jews' passover. For then it was that they plotted our Lord's death.

ALCUIN. They sought Jesus with bad intent. We seek Him, standing in God's temple, mutually encouraging one another, and praying Him to come to our feast, and sanctify us by His presence.

THEOPHYL. If the common people only had done these things, the Passion would have seemed owing to men's ignorance; but the Pharisees it is, who order Him to be taken: Now both the chief priests and the Pharisees had given a commandment, that, if any man knew where He were, he should show it, that they might take Him.

ORIGEN. Observe, they did not know where He was; they knew that He had gone away. Mystically, they did not know where He was, because, in the place of the divine commandments, they taught the doctrines and commandments of men.

AUG. Let us at least show the Jews where He is; O that they would hear, that they would come to the Church, and take hold of Him for themselves!

Catena Aurea John 11

Christ Before Caiaphas

Duccio di Buoninsegna

1308-11
Tempera on wood, 45,5 x 53,5 cm
Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Siena

April 13 - Memorial of Saint Martin I, pope and martyr

John
	English: Douay-Rheims	Latin: Vulgata Clementina	Greek NT: Byzantine/Majority Text (2000)
	John 15
18.	If the world hate you, know ye, that it hath hated me before you.	Si mundus vos odit, scitote quia me priorem vobis odio habuit.	ει ο κοσμος υμας μισει γινωσκετε οτι εμε πρωτον υμων μεμισηκεν
19.	If you had been of the world, the world would love its own: but because you are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world, therefore the world hateth you.	Si de mundo fuissetis, mundus quod suum erat diligeret : quia vero de mundo non estis, sed ego elegi vos de mundo, propterea odit vos mundus.	ει εκ του κοσμου ητε ο κοσμος αν το ιδιον εφιλει οτι δε εκ του κοσμου ουκ εστε αλλ εγω εξελεξαμην υμας εκ του κοσμου δια τουτο μισει υμας ο κοσμος
20.	Remember my word that I said to you: The servant is not greater than his master. If they have persecuted me, they will also persecute you: if they have kept my word, they will keep yours also.	Mementote sermonis mei, quem ego dixi vobis : non est servus major domino suo. Si me persecuti sunt, et vos persequentur ; si sermonem meum servaverunt, et vestrum servabunt.	μνημονευετε του λογου ου εγω ειπον υμιν ουκ εστιν δουλος μειζων του κυριου αυτου ει εμε εδιωξαν και υμας διωξουσιν ει τον λογον μου ετηρησαν και τον υμετερον τηρησουσιν
21.	But all these things they will do to you for my name's sake: because they know not him who sent me.	Sed hæc omnia facient vobis propter nomen meum : quia nesciunt eum qui misit me.	αλλα ταυτα παντα ποιησουσιν υμιν δια το ονομα μου οτι ουκ οιδασιν τον πεμψαντα με

18. If the world hates you, you know that it hated me before it hated you.
19. If you were of the world, the world would love his own: but because you are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world, therefore the world hates you.
20. Remember the word that I said to you, The servant is not greater than his lord. If' they have persecuted me, they will also persecute you; if they have kept my saying, they will keep yours also.
21. But all these things will they do to you for my name's sake, because they know not him that sent me.

CHRYS. Or thus: I have said that I lay down My life for you, and that I first chose you. I have said this not by way of reproach, but to induce you to love one another.

Then as they were about to suffer persecution and reproach, He bids them not to grieve, but rejoice on that account: If the world hates you, you know that it hated Me before it hated you: as if to say, I know it is a hard trial, but you will endure it for My sake.

AUG. For why should the members exalt themselves above the head? You refuse to be in the body, if you are not willing, with the head, to endure the hatred of the world. For love's sake let us be patient; the world must hate us, whom it sees hate whatever it loves;

If you were of the world, the world would love his own.

CHRYS. As if Christ's suffering were not consolation enough, He consoles them still further by telling them, the hatred of the world would be an evidence of their goodness; so that they ought rather to grieve if they were loved by the world, as that would be evidence of their wickedness.

AUG. He said this to the whole Church which is often called the world; as God was in Christ, reconciling the world to Himself (2 Cor 5:19). The whole world then is the Church, and the whole world hates the Church. The world hates the world, the world in enmity, the world reconciled, the defiled world, the changed world. Here it may be asked, If the wicked can be said to persecute the wicked; e. g., if impious kings, and judges, who persecute the righteous, punish murderers and adulterers also, how are we to understand our Lord's words, If you were of the world, the world would love his own? In this way; The world is in them who punish these offenses, and the world is In them who love them. The world then hates its own so far as it punishes the wicked, loves its own so far as it favors them. Again, if it be asked how the world loves itself, when it hates the means of its redemption, the answer is, that it loves itself with a false, not a true love, loves what hurts it; hates nature, loves vice. Wherefore we are forbidden to love what it loves in itself; commanded to love what it hates in itself. The vice in it we are forbidden, the nature in it we are commanded, to love. And to separate us from this lost world, we are chosen out of it, not by merit of our own, for we had no merits to begin with, not by nature which was radically corrupt, but by grace: But because you are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world, therefore the world hates you.

GREG. For the dispraise of the perverse, is our praise. There is nothing wrong in not pleasing those who do not please God. For no one can by one and the same act please God, and the enemies of God. He proves himself no friend to God, who pleases His enemy; and he whose soul is in subjection to the Truth, will have to contend with the enemies of that Truth.

AUG. Our Lord, in exhorting His servants to bear patiently the hatred of their world, proposes to them an example than which there can be no better and higher one, viz. Himself: Remember the word that I said to you, The servant is not greater than his lord. If they have persecuted Me, they will also persecute you; if they have kept My saying, they will keep yours also.

GLOSS. They observed it in order to calumniate it, as we read in the Psalms, The ungodly sees the righteousness .

THEOPHYL. Or thus: If, He says, they have persecuted your Lord, much more will they persecute you; if they had persecuted Him, but kept His commandments they would keep yours also.

CHRYS. As if He said, you must not be disturbed at having to share My sufferings; for you are not better than I.

AUG. The servant is not greater than his lord. Here the servant is the one who has the purified fear, which abides for ever.

CHRYS. Then follows another consolation, viz. that the Father is despised and injured with them: But all these things will they do unto you for My name's sake, because they know not Him that sent Me.

AUG. All these things, viz. what He had mentioned, that the world would hate them, persecute them, despise their word. For My Name's sake, i.e., in you they will hate Me, in you persecute Me, your word they will not keep, because it is mine. They who do these things for His name's sake are as miserable, as they who suffer them are blessed: except when they do them to the wicked as well; for then both they who do, and they who suffer, are miserable. But how do they do all these things for His name's sake, when they do nothing for Christ's name's sake, i.e., for justice sake? We shall do away with this difficulty, if we take the words as applying to the righteous; as if it were, All these things will you suffer from them, for My name's sake. If for My name's sake mean this, i.e., My name which they hate in you, justice which they hate in you; of the good, when they persecute the wicked, it may be said in the same way, that they do so both for righteousness' sake, which they love, which love is their motive in persecuting, and for unrighteousness' sake, the unrighteousness of the wicked, which they hate. Because they know not Him that sent Me, i.e. know not according to that knowledge of which it is said, To know you is perfect righteousness (Wisdom 15:3).

Catena Aurea John 15

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Jesus, High Priest

We thank you, God our Father, for those who have responded to your call to priestly ministry.

Accept this prayer we offer on their behalf: Fill your priests with the sure knowledge of your love.

Open their hearts to the power and consolation of the Holy Spirit.

Lead them to new depths of union with your Son.

Increase in them profound faith in the Sacraments they celebrate as they nourish, strengthen and heal us.

Lord Jesus Christ, grant that these, your priests, may inspire us to strive for holiness by the power of their example, as men of prayer who ponder your word and follow your will.

O Mary, Mother of Christ and our mother, guard with your maternal care these chosen ones, so dear to the Heart of your Son.

Intercede for our priests, that offering the Sacrifice of your Son, they may be conformed more each day to the image of your Son, our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. Amen.

Saint John Vianney, universal patron of priests, pray for us and our priests

This icon shows Jesus Christ, our eternal high priest.

The gold pelican over His heart represents self-sacrifice.

The border contains an altar and grapevines, representing the Mass, and icons of Melchizedek and St. Jean-Baptiste Vianney.

Melchizedek: king of righteousness (left icon) was priest and king of Jerusalem. He blessed Abraham and has been considered an ideal priest-king.

St. Jean-Baptiste Vianney is the patron saint of parish priests.