Every Navy recruit got a couple of days of firefighting and damage control training in boot camp, regardless of their probable job assignment. On our ship we had refreshers each year; drills for non-DC specialists so they could function in those capacities in an emergency. I would assume that is still a Navy-wide standard.
I’ve read that the Japanese were hampered in this by their Bushido culture. Fire fighting & “damage control” were not viewed as a “warrior” activities so culturally there was very little motivation to emphasize it. Quite often the least motivated and skilled people ended up in the job.
Well, in a fire on a ship full of explosives and AV gas you better get that fire out pronto.
Embarked Marines aboard the Amphibious ships also get basic fire fighting and DC training. I got it when I deployed with the 11th MEU aboard the USS New Orleans, and again when I deployed with the 15TH MEU aboard the USS Tripoli.