Universe's Expansion Rate Is Different Depending on Where You Look

Space.com ^ | July 13, 2018 | Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor

[ETL]

My own suspicion is that the Universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose.--J. B. S. Haldane

[Red Badger]

Looks normal here..................

[frank ballenger]

When Robert J.Ringer had gained weight once he said

“I’m thankful the universe is expanding-—I need the room!”

[raygunfan]

more CYA gibberish from the intellectual elites who dont know jack....

[frank ballenger]

Was he slamming Elton John and Rachel Maddow or supporting them?

[DungeonMaster]

How can they know the distance of the most distant galaxies and then say the Red Shift is lower? They use the Red Shift to determine that distance.

[pepsionice]

Maybe there were two big bangs....

[fieldmarshaldj]

*ping*

[ETL]

How can they know the distance of the most distant galaxies and then say the Red Shift is lower? They use the Red Shift to determine that distance.

Redshifts are determined by estimating the distances to objects via other distance measuring techniques. Then a distance is associated with that particular redshift.

From the article: "Hubble and Gaia performed their measurements by examining Cepheid variables, a type of star that brightens and dims in a predictable pattern. The pattern allows scientists to learn how far away these stars are from us. The data is then used to measure the universe's expansion rate, which is also called the Hubble constant. That constant is also used to estimate the age of the universe, which makes it a fundamental equation for astronomers."

[a fool in paradise]

Women and children most adversely affected

[Don Corleone]

How can they know the distance of the most distant galaxies and then say the Red Shift is lower? They use the Red Shift to determine that distance.

What do the Democrats have to say about the Red Shift within their party? Is it faster on the east or west coast? By how many light years per parsec? Drs. Schummer and Pelosie want to know as do Sheldon Cooper and George Soros.

[ETL]

“In physics, redshift happens when light or other electromagnetic radiation from an object is increased in wavelength, or shifted to the red end of the spectrum.

In general, whether or not the radiation is within the visible spectrum, “redder” means an increase in wavelength – equivalent to a lower frequency and a lower photon energy, in accordance with, respectively, the wave and quantum theories of light.

Some redshifts are an example of the Doppler effect, familiar in the change of apparent pitches of sirens and frequency of the sound waves emitted by speeding vehicles. A redshift occurs whenever a light source moves away from an observer.

A special instance of this is the cosmological redshift, which is due to the expansion of the universe, and sufficiently distant light sources (generally more than a few million light years away) show redshift corresponding to the rate of increase in their distance from Earth.

Finally, gravitational redshift is a relativistic effect observed in electromagnetic radiation moving out of gravitational fields.

Conversely, a decrease in wavelength is called blueshift and is generally seen when a light-emitting object moves toward an observer or when electromagnetic radiation moves into a gravitational field.

However, redshift is a more common term and sometimes blueshift is referred to as negative redshift.

Knowledge of redshifts and blueshifts has been applied to develop several terrestrial technologies such as Doppler radar and radar guns.[1]

Redshifts are also seen in the spectroscopic observations of astronomical objects.[2] Its value is represented by the letter z.

A special relativistic redshift formula (and its classical approximation) can be used to calculate the redshift of a nearby object when spacetime is flat.

However, in many contexts, such as black holes and Big Bang cosmology, redshifts must be calculated using general relativity.[3]

Special relativistic, gravitational, and cosmological redshifts can be understood under the umbrella of frame transformation laws.

There exist other physical processes that can lead to a shift in the frequency of electromagnetic radiation, including scattering and optical effects; however, the resulting changes are distinguishable from true redshift and are not generally referred to as such (see section on physical optics and radiative transfer).”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift

[mlo]

”more CYA gibberish from the intellectual elites who dont know jack...”

If you mean posts like yours, yes.

[DungeonMaster]

What do the Democrats have to say about the Red Shift within their party? Is it faster on the east or west coast? By how many light years per parsec? Drs. Schummer and Pelosie want to know as do Sheldon Cooper and George Soros.

Not to be confused with red states which is a good red. Red is so confusing!

[Phlyer]

They use the Red Shift to determine that distance.

The red shift is just a first-order way to estimate the distance. If the Hubble Parameter (which used to be called the Hubble Constant when people thought it was constant) was a simple constant, that's a straightforward calculation. When it became more complex it becomes more of a table lookup, but as a first order it's still fairly valid. By that, it means that for items without some better way to estimate their distance, it's a good start.

The best way to estimate the distance to some deep space object is by measuring the apparent brightness of something with a known absolute or intrinsic brightness. The article mentions Cepheid variables which are a very good way to do that, and form the basis for Edwin Hubble's first recognition that the universe was much larger than the Milky Way, and eventually to identify the Hubble Constant. However, in detail it is known to have limitations because some galaxies are influenced by galactic clusters and so their relative motion is not solely due to the expansion of the universe. For example, Andromeda galaxy is approaching us, not receding.

Type 1A supernovae are the most distant distinctly observable phenomena for which we believe we know the intrinsic brightness and enough about the spectrum that we can determine both their absolute distance (from apparent versus intrinsic brightness) and relative velocity (from red shift of the spectrum). They are the main reason we now think the Hubble "Constant" is not really constant, but drops off with distance (or, conversely, increases as you get closer in distance and time). That accelerating expansion is not explained by gravity - in fact, it contradicts the expected effect of gravity. Since the velocity (and hence energy) of observed objects seems to be increasing, they call the mechanism we can't otherwise detect "dark energy."

[DungeonMaster]

From the article: "Hubble and Gaia performed their measurements by examining Cepheid variables, a type of star that brightens and dims in a predictable pattern. The pattern allows scientists to learn how far away these stars are from us. The data is then used to measure the universe's expansion rate, which is also called the Hubble constant. That constant is also used to estimate the age of the universe, which makes it a fundamental equation for astronomers."

I suspect that is a bit misleading. I don't think they are measuring Cepheid variables at 14,000,000,000 light years.

Well, I guess they don't need to. If they can measure them at 10,000,000 light years and see the redshift variation nearby and then extrapolate.

It is a lot like we are not at the center of the Big Bang which I don't believe in.

[frank ballenger]

two big bangs....

---

the origin of TV series re-runs.

[TheZMan]

I still theorize (though the geniuses have said I’m wrong) that the stream of particles leaving every galaxy (light among them) is pushing on every other galaxy, thus removing the need for “dark” anything to accelerate universe expansion.

It wouldn’t be the first time I’ve theorized something and later been found right, so I’ll stick with it till I am.

[TexasGator]

Research CEPHEID VARIABLES.