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Inexpensive and stable—The salt water battery
phys.org ^ | 01/09/2018 | by Rainer Klose, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology

Posted on 01/18/2018 11:49:48 AM PST by Red Badger

Research on the water electrolyte: Empa researcher Ruben-Simon Kühnel connecting a test cell to the charger with the concentrated saline solution. The stability of the system is determined in several charging and discharging cycles. Credit: Empa

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Water could form the basis for future particularly inexpensive rechargeable batteries. Empa researchers have succeeded in doubling the electrochemical stability of water with a special saline solution. This takes us one step closer to using the technology commercially.

In the quest to find safe, low-cost batteries for the future, eventually we have to ask ourselves a question: Why not simply use water as an electrolyte? Water is inexpensive, available everywhere, non-flammable and can conduct ions. However, water has one major drawback: It is chemically stable only up to a voltage of 1.23 volts. In other words, a water cell supplies three times less voltage than a customary lithium ion cell with 3.7 volts, which makes it poorly suited for applications in an electric car. A cost-effective, water-based battery, however, could be extremely interesting for stationary electricity storage applications.

Saline solution without free water

Ruben-Simon Kühnel and David Reber, researchers in Empa's Materials for Energy Conversion department, have now discovered a way to solve the problem: The salt containing electrolyte has to be liquid, but at the same time it has to be so highly concentrated that it does not contain any "excess" water.

For their experiments, the two researchers used the special salt sodium FSI (precise name: sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide). This salt is extremely soluble in water: seven grams of sodium FSI and one gram of water produce a clear saline solution (see video clip). In this liquid, all water molecules are grouped around the positively charged sodium cations in a hydrate shell. Hardly any unbound water molecules are present. One gram of water dissolves seven grams of sodium FSI. This produces a clear saline solution with an electrochemical stability of up to 2.6 volts – twice as much as other aqueous electrolytes. Credit: Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology

Cost-effective production

The researchers discovered that this saline solution displays an electrochemical stability of up to 2.6 volts –nearly twice as much as other aqueous electrolytes. The discovery could be the key to inexpensive, safe battery cells; inexpensive because, apart from anything else, the sodium FSI cells can be constructed more safely and thus more easily than the well-known lithium ion batteries.

The system has already withstood a series of charging and discharging cycles in the lab. Until now, however, the researchers have been testing the anodes and cathodes of their test battery separately – against a standard electrode as a partner. In the next step, the two half cells are to be combined into a single battery. Then additional charging and discharging cycles are scheduled.

Empa's research activities on novel batteries for stationary electricity storage systems are embedded in the Swiss Competence Center for Heat and Electricity Storage (SCCER HaE), which coordinates research for new heat and electricity storage concepts on a national level and is led by the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). If the experiment succeeds, inexpensive water batteries will be within reach.

Explore further: Researchers developed an initial prototype of a solid sodium battery with the potential to store extra energy

Provided by: Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2018-01-inexpensive-stablethe-salt-battery.html#jCp


TOPICS: Business/Economy; Education; Science
KEYWORDS: battery; energy; salt; saltwater; saltwaterbattery; storage
Video at link......................
1 posted on 01/18/2018 11:49:49 AM PST by Red Badger
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To: Red Badger

Thanks,very important to me.


2 posted on 01/18/2018 11:54:44 AM PST by DaxtonBrown
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To: DaxtonBrown

Did you see the other battery tech articles?..............


3 posted on 01/18/2018 11:59:25 AM PST by Red Badger (Wanna surprise? Google your own name. Wanna have fun? Google your friends names......)
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To: Red Badger

Cheapest price though for sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide) looks like $75 / gram


4 posted on 01/18/2018 12:00:59 PM PST by DaxtonBrown
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To: Red Badger

Where are the other tech articles?


5 posted on 01/18/2018 12:02:22 PM PST by DaxtonBrown
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To: Red Badger

Solid state batteries are probably the future.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_battery


6 posted on 01/18/2018 12:05:18 PM PST by smokingfrog ( sleep with one eye open (<o> ---)
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To: DaxtonBrown

https://www.freerepublic.com/tag/battery/index?tab=articles

FR key word: battery


7 posted on 01/18/2018 12:07:45 PM PST by Red Badger (Wanna surprise? Google your own name. Wanna have fun? Google your friends names......)
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To: Red Badger

There are other very simple stored energy solutions out there. One I heard of was a library in California. To meet their air conditioning needs they had a huge tank of purified water with coolant lines running through it that distributed to the air conditioning. During nighttime, when power was off-peak and cheaper a refrigeration unit froze the water solid. During peak power, the coolant lines circulated, slowly melting the ice and cooling the library.

Smart and cheaper.

CC


8 posted on 01/18/2018 12:19:28 PM PST by Celtic Conservative (It don't matter if your heart is in the right place, if at the same time your head is up your a$$)
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To: Red Badger

9 posted on 01/18/2018 1:01:32 PM PST by Boogieman
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