Preternatural-American ping.
Ok, are Stalagmites the ones that point up or down? I can never get that one straight.
Sounds like more wasted Grant money to study this.
BTTT for later. Thanks for posting!
Is this from the esteemed Self-Loathing International?
These idiots want all humans to feel guilt for living.
I think the most practical solution is for all those who feel this way to dig a hole, lie down in it and have someone with some sense cover them up.
That way everyone is happy.
They don't have to feel anguish, and they don't harass everyone else. And all that good organic stuff that makes up their bodies is returned to mother earth to feed the hungry worms and insects.
It's a Win/Win/Win!
I can hardly wait for the MSM to blame Native Americans for global warming....
I think science is becoming a joke. First I was taught we had nine planets now it’s eight. Time was altered by an executive order by Bush, so now Daylight Savings starts early and ends later. Science is still an opinion like everything else. They form a theory and spend their life trying to find the facts to prove it. Problem with that is, soon it becomes an obsession an and eventually you ignore others “OPINIONS”. The hell with science, can’t even find a cure for cancer, oh wait, CANCER ISN’T A VIRUS it’s a cellular defect. Probably why they can’t cure it. Also, to all hippie loving liberals out there, ever think Darwin’s Theory applies to the planet as well and we are doomed to be wiped out ? Just saying, strongest would survive and nothing is stronger than a mother.
Now we know why the land bridge melted.
Please do not tell me that he is Jerry Springer’s brother.
> burned trees
Isn’t that carbon neutral?
Has Obama found away to tax these irresponsible folks for their blatant disregard for the environment?
Early Native American SUV ping!
The Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes:
Flood, Fire, and Famine
in the History of Civilization
by Richard Firestone,
Allen West, and
Simon Warwick-Smith
Stalagmites reveal past climateThe researchers examined four stalagmites from Crevice Cave, the longest cave known in Missouri, located about 75 miles south of St. Louis. The stalagmites appeared to have been broken by natural forces such as floods or earthquakes and were found about 80 feet below the ground surface, says Dorale. The team determined when the stalagmite layers were deposited, then deduced paleotemperatures and the general types of vegetation growing in the vicinity during that era by examining the carbon and oxygen isotopes within the calcium carbonate. The profile showed that the area had been covered by forest 75,000 years ago, but by 71,000 years ago, it was savannah and by 59,000 years ago, had become a prairie. Between 55,000 and 25,000 years ago, the forest had returned and persisted. Dorale explains that the pattern is consistent with climatological records from the ocean.
by Kristina Bartlett and Devra Wexler
GeoTimes, March 1999
Carbon clock could show the wrong timeA study led by physicist Warren Beck of the University of Arizona discovered an enormous peak in the amount of carbon-14 in the atmosphere between 45 thousand and 11 thousand years ago. Living organisms and some geological features absorb stable carbon-12 and radioactive carbon-14, which are present in the air in a well-known ratio. Scientists use carbon dating to determine when objects ceased to absorb carbon by measuring how much of the carbon-14 - which has a half-life of 5730 years - has decayed. Beck and colleagues tested slices of a half-metre long stalagmite that grew between 45 000 and 11 000 years ago in a cave in the Bahamas. Galactic cosmic rays create most of the carbon-14 in our atmosphere, while solar cosmic rays generate a smaller fraction. The Earth is partially shielded from galactic cosmic rays by its own magnetic field and the solar magnetic field, which fluctuates as the solar cycle proceeds. These effects are predictable and are thought to have changed little in the last million years - which means they cannot explain the glut of carbon-14. The team speculates that a supernova shock wave could have produced a flurry of cosmic rays.The Testimony of Radiocarbon Dating
and The Pitfalls of Radiocarbon Dating
by Immanuel Velikovsky
Stalagmite discovery throws doubt on carbon dating
by Charles Arthur Technology Editor
Carbon Dating Revision May Rewrite History
Dating study 'means human history rethink'
Carbon dating 'might be wrong by 10,000 years'
by Roger Highfield, Science Editor
Radiometric Dating: An Exercise in Faith
by Mark E. Howerter
Caves reveal clues to UK weatherAt Pooles Cavern in Derbyshire, it was discovered that the stalagmites grow faster in the winter months when it rains more. Alan Walker, who guides visitors through the caves, says the changes in rainfall are recorded in the stalactites and stalagmites like the growth rings in trees. Stalagmites from a number of caves have now been analysed by Dr Andy Baker at Newcastle University. After splitting and polishing the rock, he can measure its growth precisely and has built up a precipitation history going back thousands of years. His study suggests this autumn's rainfall is not at all unusual when looked at over such a timescale but is well within historic variations. He believes politicians find it expedient to blame a man-made change in our weather rather than addressing the complex scientific picture.
by Tom Heap
Saturday, December 2, 2000
Carbon dating 'might be wrong by 10,000 years'Their study could force a reappraisal of when certain events occurred, notably in the period when modern humans lived alongside Neanderthals in Europe... Dr David Richards of the School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, made the study with colleagues in Arizona and Minnesota. He said: "Beyond about 20,000 years ago there are some dramatic swings in radiocarbon concentration, which means the age offset between the radiocarbon age and true calendar age can be up to 8,000 years." Radiocarbon dating, which depends on the steady decay of carbon-14, is less reliable if an artefact is older than 16,000 years. But the changes in radiocarbon, and dating, fluctuate greatly up to 45,000 years, the limit of the study.
by Roger Highfield
Saturday 30 June 2001Extremely large variations of atmospheric 14C concentration during the last glacial periodA long record of atmospheric 14C concentration, from 45 to 11 thousand years ago (ka), was obtained from a stalagmite with thermal-ionization mass-spectrometric 230Th and accelerator mass-spectrometric 14C measurements. This record reveals highly elevated Delta14C between 45 and 33 ka, portions of which may correlate with peaks in cosmogenic 36Cl and 10Be isotopes observed in polar ice cores. Superimposed on this broad peak of Delta14C are several rapid excursions, the largest of which occurs between 44.3 and 43.3 ka. Between 26 and 11 ka, atmospheric Delta14C decreased from approximately 700 to approximately 100 per mil, modulated by numerous minor excursions. Carbon cycle models suggest that the major features of this record cannot be produced with solar or terrestrial magnetic field modulation alone but also require substantial fluctuations in the carbon cycle.
Beck JW, Richards DA, Edwards RL,
Silverman BW, Smart PL, Donahue DJ,
Hererra-Osterheld S, Burr GS,
Calsoyas L, Jull AJ, Biddulph D.
Science
pub 2001 May 10
